attack surface definition

For example, experts outlined current attack vectors of large companies and found problems with: Attack vectors are unique to your company and your circumstances. There is a law of computing that states that the more code you have running on a system, the greater the chance that the system will have an exploitable security vulnerability. This is a complete guide to security ratings and common usecases. An attack surface is defined as the total number of all possible entry points for unauthorized access into any system. Monitor your business for data breaches and protect your customers' trust. Some examples of attack surfaces include: The best method for securing the attack surface is to keep it minimal. That person could also hand over passwords or other forms of access for independent snooping. In software environments, a threat attack surface is the total number of vulnerabilities an unauthorized user can potentially use to access and steal data. A variety of definitions exist for the phrase, which drives how researchers conduct their measurements. The large number of devices, web applications and network nodes create many potential cybersecurity threats. That's a helpless place to be. An attack surface is an area or point at which an attacker is most likely or most able to breach a network or account that contains any type of sensitive data, especially any point that contains an unpatched vulnerability or misconfiguration. All digital solutions are attack surfaces. Learn about the latest issues in cyber security and how they affect you. To defeat them, you must think like them, so attack surface management does exactly this. An attack surface is essentially the entire external-facing area of your system. What is Attack Surface Management Software? The size of an attack surface may fluctuate over time, adding and subtracting assets and digital systems (e.g. Mapping its Attack Surface Attack Surface Analysis And its Cruciality for you. Organizations must constantly monitor their attack surface to identify and block potential threats as quickly as possible. An employee may be using a corporate device for personal projects, and company data may be downloaded to a personal device. What does Attack Surface mean? Please enable it to improve your browsing experience. Cyber Attack Surface Definition and Reality. An attack surface slightly differs from an attack vector, which is the method that the attacker employs . No matter what industry, use case, or level of support you need, weve got you covered. Source(s): An Attack Surface can be defined as the sum of vulnerabilities posed by a system. Mapping guides your cleanup project. NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 3 for additional details. The surface is what is being attacked; the vector is the means by which an intruder gains access. These vulnerabilities are generally . websites, hosts, cloud and mobile apps, etc). An attack surface is the entire area of an organization or system that is susceptible to hacking. To reduce your attack surface and hacking risk, you must understand your network's security environment. Learn how to reduce your digital, physical, and people attack surfaces in this in-depth post. Okta gives you a neutral, powerful and extensible platform that puts identity at the heart of your stack. How does AttackSurfaceMapper help with attack surface mapping? From professional services to documentation, all via the latest industry blogs, we've got you covered. No two organizations will have the same attack surface. Attack surface refers to the total number of exposed weaknesses or attack vectors where attackers can access a system. Worldwide digital change has accelerated the size, scope, and composition of an organizations attack surface. Freebase (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: Attack surface. It's made up of all the points of access that an unauthorized person could use to enter the system. A hacker with that data could move past your firewalls and access: Once past your firewalls, hackers could also place malware into your network. In general, dynamic means 'energetic, capable of action and/or change, or forceful,' while static means 'stationary or fixed.'. The attack surfacealso known as external attack surface or digital attack surfaceis the sum of all internet-accessible hardware, software, SaaS, and cloud assets that an adversary could discover, attack, and use to breach a company. Attack Surface Management (ASM) is the process of continuously identifying, monitoring and managing all internet-connected assets, both internal and external, for potential attack vectors, exposures and risks. To learn if youre protecting your company, view our checklist: 12 Key Steps for Protection Against Data Breaches. The second step is to correspond each indicator of a vulnerability being potentially exposed to the visualized map in the previous step. An attack surface is the entire area of an organisation or system that is susceptible to hacking. These vulnerabilities are generally related to the security risks of a system. Catch the very best moments from Oktane22! The smaller the attack surface, the fewer exploitation options cyberattacks have. Attack Surface Management is based on the understanding that you cannot secure what you don't know about. IOEs include "missing security controls in systems and software". Some common attack vectors include the following: A network attack surface is the totality of all vulnerabilities in connected hardware and software. An attack surface composition can range widely between various organizations, yet often identify many of the same elements, including: Due to the increase in the countless potential vulnerable points each enterprise has, there has been increasing advantage for hackers and attackers as they only need to find one vulnerable point to succeed in their attack.[4]. The . The smaller the attack surface, the easier it is to protect. Automation is key when faced with a large, distributed IT landscape. Source(s): Learn why security and risk management teams have adopted security ratings in this post. Control who has access to what using an identity and access management system. Our developer community is here for you. Define Attack Surface. . Attack surface is the sum of all possible security risk exposures. Emerging IoT attack surfaces present attackers with tempting new targets, CompTIA SYO-601 exam pivots to secure bigger attack surface, Top 5 benefits of a new cybersecurity market model, security information and event management (SIEM), LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), MAC address (media access control address). (August 2018). The attack surface of a software environment is the sum of the different points (for "attack vectors") where an unauthorized user (the "attacker") can try to enter data to or extract data from an environment. Work with HR to put protocols in place, so youre ready if this situation occurs. Policies are tied to logical segments, so any workload migration will also move the security policies. Key questions answered in attack surface management include the following: Organizations can have information security experts conduct attack surface analysis and management. You may think you have only one or two crucial vectors. (October 2014). An attack vector is a path or means by which an attacker can gain unauthorized access to a computer or network to deliver a payload or malicious outcome. attack surface Definition (s): The set of points on the boundary of a system, a system element, or an environment where an attacker can try to enter, cause an effect on, or extract data from, that system, system element, or environment. Variety. Comments about specific definitions should be sent to the authors of the linked Source publication. U.S. Copyright 2022 Okta. For most modern businesses, the attack surface is complex and massive. Companies Lose $400 Billion to Hackers Each Year. This is an indicator that an attack has already succeeded. Ransomware Attacks Grow, Crippling Cities and Businesses. The smaller your attack surface, the easier it is to . Follow this roadmap as you complete your attack surface analysis: In large companies, this process is measured in months, not hours. (March 2020). 1 UpGuard named in Gartner 2022 Market Guide for IT VRM Solutions, Take a tour of UpGuard to learn more about our features and services. NIST SP 800-172 It can also be explained as the aggregate of all known, unknown, and potential vulnerabilities, and controls across all hardware, software, and network components. The adoption of new digital solutions - a process known as digital transformation - expands the attack surface, giving cyber attacks more entry options to sensitive resources. They lacked the dynamic, ephemeral nature of today's . Attack surface management refers to the continuous surveillance and vigilance required to mitigate all current and future cyberthreats. This is a nasty type of software designed to cause errors, slow your computer down, or spread viruses. Information and translations of Attack surface in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. What Is an Attack Surface? Attack surface management is the continuous process of discovering, classifying and assessing the security of all of an organization's assets. Official websites use .gov Tapping into different locations, components, and layers (including hardware/software) of the target system, an . It includes all vulnerabilities and endpoints that can be exploited to carry out a security attack. Organizations must constantly monitor their attack surface to identify and block potential threats as quickly as possible. Learn where CISOs and senior management stay up to date. (2015). Before the rapid proliferation to the cloud, attack surfaces were much more controllable. Attack Surface Risk Exposure Fixed wireless networking refers to the operation of wireless devices in fixed locations such as homes and offices. The smaller the attack surface, the easier it is to protect. Attack surface management (ASM) software monitors and manage external digital assets that deal with sensitive data. (September 2015). 2022-11-04 17:11 Attack surface management is an important practice many businesses should employ to secure their machines and systems. UpGuard is a leading vendor in the Gartner 2022 Market Guide for IT VRM Solutions. Spyware could follow your employees throughout the day, recording each keystroke. Find out what the impact of identity could be for your organization. Pandemic Giving Ransomware 'Greater Attack Surface' as Tactics Shift, Ex-FBI Agent Says. or stolen sets allow a creative hacker to gain easy access. With microsegmentation, the data center is divided into logical units, each of which has its own unique security policies. Current work in the area of attack surface focuses on creating empirical and theoretical measures for the attack surface of a software system or computer network [7, 14, 6 . The more you uncover, the safer your company will be. [4], Step 3: Find indicators of compromise. With the rush to digital transformation, your attack surface has both grown exponentially and become immeasurably harder to define and defend. (June 2020). Once inside your network, that user could cause damage by manipulating or downloading data. 9 Ways to Prevent Third-Party Data Breaches in 2022. The basic objective of cybersecurity is to keep the attack surface as small as possible.. means the sum of an IT system's characteristics in the broad categories (software, hardware, network, processes and human) which allows an attacker to probe, enter, attack or maintain a presence in the system and potentially cause damage to a financial institution; Source (s): NIST SP 800-172 from GAO-19-128 The most common cause of attack surface expansion is the implementation of third-party software. It includes all risk assessments, security controls and security measures that go into mapping and protecting the attack surface, mitigating the chances of a successful attack. Build time into each workday to assess the current threats. See NISTIR 7298 Rev. Connect and protect your employees, contractors, and business partners with Identity-powered security. Objective measure of your security posture, Integrate UpGuard with your existing tools, Protect your sensitive data from breaches. Comments about the glossary's presentation and functionality should be sent to secglossary@nist.gov. The New York Times. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. 2 Rev. Software security researchers and professionals have used Howard's concept of the attack surface to discuss the overall security posture of a system, or the effectiveness of a given security measure. The varying definitions result in confusion when professionals and researchers have different views on what the phrase attack surface means. The Top Cybersecurity Websites and Blogs of 2022. Digital assets eschew the physical requirements of traditional network devices, servers, data centers, and on-premise networks. The Attack Surface of an application is: the sum of all paths for data/commands into and out of the application, and the code that protects these paths (including resource connection and authentication, authorization, activity logging, data validation and encoding) Learn why Top Industry Analysts consistently name Okta and Auth0 as the Identity Leader. Identify where your most important data is in your system, and create an effective backup strategy. Discover how businesses like yours use UpGuard to help improve their security posture. A regular software patch update schedule will reduce the attack surface. Learn about how organizations like yours are keeping themselves and their customers safe. You have JavaScript disabled. It's made up of all the points of access that an unauthorized person could use to enter the system. An attack surface is defined as the total number of all possible entry points for unauthorized access into any system. Each one represents vulnerabilities, such as access points, protocols, and services. [5], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Mitigate Security Risks by Minimizing the Code You Expose to Untrusted Users", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attack_surface&oldid=1125139653, Host and Host Pair Services and Relationship, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:23. These attack vectors (or entry points) may be physical or digital. Attack surfaces can be physical or digital: Both physical and digital attack surfaces should be limited in size to protect surfaces from anonymous, public access. Our updated list for 2021 ranks the 60 biggest data breaches of all time, ranked by impact. Definition IoT attack surface By TechTarget Contributor The IoT attack surface is the sum total of all potential security vulnerabilities in IoT devices and associated software and infrastructure in a given network, be it local or the entire Internet. Consider a centralized security provider to eliminate holes in your security strategy. Here's everything you need to succeed with Okta. NBC. A DDoS attack floods a targeted server or network with traffic in an attempt to disrupt and overwhelm a service rendering inoperable. The attack surface is the number of all possible points, or attack vectors, where an unauthorized user can access a system and extract data. [4], One approach to improving information security is to reduce the attack surface of a system or software. Security Testing, Validation, and Measurement, National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE), National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE), NIST Internal/Interagency Reports (NISTIRs). Assets come and go, and your infrastructure configuration changes to adapt to your business needs. A company's attack surfaces depend on industry, size, and other variables. Stay up to date with security research and global news about data breaches, Insights on cybersecurity and vendor risk management, Expand your network with UpGuard Summit, webinars & exclusive events, How UpGuard helps financial services companies secure customer data, How UpGuard helps tech companies scale securely, How UpGuard helps healthcare industry with security best practices, Insights on cybersecurity and vendor risk, In-depth reporting on data breaches and news, Get the latest curated cybersecurity updates. The total region of a system or organization that is vulnerable to hacking is often referred to as the attack surface. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS There are three steps towards understanding and visualizing an attack surface: Step 1: Visualize. Scale third-party vendor risk and prevent costly data leaks. Network microsegmentation isn't new. Our Other Offices, An official website of the United States government. Get the latest curated cybersecurity news, breaches, events and updates in your inbox every week. It takes a defined policy and process to steer vulnerability remediation efforts and minimize the attack surface sustainably. In the cybersecurity world, an attack surface is any area of potential exposure to a cyber threat. Attack Surface Area Larger Than Most Businesses Believe. Definition: The attack surface of a system is the complete set of vulnerabilities that exist within that system. Third-party breaches are the most common type of data breach. The smaller your attack surface, the easier it is to . Inc. Households Have an Average of 11 Connected Devices, and 5G Should Push That Even Higher. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The basic strategies of attack surface reduction include the following: reduce the amount of code running, reduce entry points available to untrusted users, and eliminate services requested by relatively few users. (August 2020). Once inside your network, that user could cause damage by manipulating or downloading data. from But what is an attack surface, exactly? Keeping abreast of modern security practices is the best way to defend against malware attacks. Some ideas for attack surface reduction include the following: The term attack surface is often confused with the term attack vector, but they are not the same thing. UpGuard is a complete third-party risk and attack surface management platform. Dark Reading. Once an attacker has accessed a computing device physically, the intruder will look for digital attack surfaces left vulnerable by poor coding, default security settings or poorly maintained software that has not been updated or patched. Cybersecurity teams need to continuously monitor their external attack surface, track changes, and receive notifications when new, unknown assets or critical issues are found that attackers could leverage. Never underestimate the importance of reporting. Follow it with a strategic protection plan to reduce your risk of an expensive software attack or cyber extortion effort. Security. As cybersecurity professionals, it is our responsibility to minimize the threat attack surface as much as possible. Talent acquisition is the strategic process employers use to analyze their long-term talent needs in the context of business BOPIS (buy online, pick up in-store) is a business model that allows consumers to shop and place orders online and then pick up Real-time analytics is the use of data and related resources for analysis as soon as it enters the system. But chances are, you have dozens or even hundreds within your network. The attack surface of a software environment is the sum of the different points (for "attack vectors") where an unauthorized user (the "attacker") can try to enter data to or extract data from an environment. This guide outlines the main considerations of effective attack surface management software and the best solutions currently on the market. How to Defeat Advanced Malware. Thousands of businesses across the globe save time and money with Okta. How to Manage Third-Party Risk in a World of Breaches. Attack vectors are the landmarks on an attack surface. This data is made available in ZAP and Burp Suite to help improve testing coverage. The set of points on the boundary of a system, a system component, or an environment where an attacker can try to enter, cause an effect on, or extract data from, that system, component, or environment. Database marketing is a systematic approach to the gathering, consolidation and processing of consumer data. Attack surface analysis is the process of identifying and mapping the areas in your attack surface that need to be reviewed for gaps and vulnerabilities by way of continuous monitoring and remediation. The attack surface is also the entire area of an organization or system that is susceptible to hacking. The 68 Biggest Data Breaches (Updated for November 2022). Spatial computing broadly characterizes the processes and tools used to capture, process and interact with 3D data. Learn the difference between attack surface management and vulnerability management. What are the high-risk areas and vulnerabilities in the system. IT leaders, despite their best efforts, can only see a subset of the security risks faced by their organization. Unwitting Workers Give Hackers Keys to Fortune 500 Firms' Networks: Study. With immediate cleanup completed, look for ways to tighten your protocols so you'll have less cleanup work after future attack surface analysis projects. Added security measures will better protect your system from being accessed. Attack Surface Management vs Vulnerability Management. As such, the key is to . Hackers move into your network, lock it down, and ask for money to release it. Privacy Policy State Scoop. This could include vulnerabilities in your people, physical, network, or software environments. An attack vector is a specific path of entry within an attack surface, for example, a zero-day exploit. In computing, a Trojan horse is a program downloaded and installed on a computer that appears harmless, but is, in fact, Green IT (green information technology) is the practice of creating and using environmentally sustainable computing. Obstacles should be placed in the way of potential attackers and physical sites should be hardened against accidents, attacks or environmental disasters. Attack Surface Analysis Cheat Sheet. Lastly, the composition of an organizations attack surface consists of small entities linked together in digital relationships and connections to the rest of the internet and organizational infrastructure, including the scope of third-parties, digital supply chain, and even adversary-threat infrastructure. For NIST publications, an email is usually found within the document. Michael Howard introduced the phrase attack surface in an MSDN Magazine 90 Article [2], which led to further research in the area by Howard, Manadhata, and Wing [4, 12, 13]. The attack surface of a system is the complete set of vulnerabilities that exist within that system. It's made up of all the points of access that an unauthorised person could use to enter the system. [1] [2] Keeping the attack surface as small as possible is a basic security measure. The attack surface is not an actual surface, but it helps the individual to visualize where vulnerabilities are in a system. Book a free, personalized onboarding call with one of our cybersecurity experts. An attack vector is a specific path of entry within an attack surface, for example, a zero-day exploit. A ticking time bomb of data destruction could await the next online decision. Avoid using unnecessary third-party solutions. By turning off unnecessary functionality, there are fewer security risks. Your attack surface analysis won't fix every problem you find. If a majority of your workforce stays home throughout the workday, tapping away on a home network, your risk explodes. This is done by restricting direct access to infrastructure like database servers. 14 Cybersecurity Metrics + KPIs You Must Track in 2022. Learn from their mistakes to avoid costly breaches. Attack surface sizes can change rapidly as well. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. The set of points on the boundary of a system, a system element, or an environment where an attacker can try to enter, cause an effect on, or extract data from. It covers every endpoint and vulnerability that may be used to launch a security attack. But problems commonly stem from these sources: APIs can supercharge business growth, but they also put your company at risk if they are not properly secured. You may have many more items on your to-do list based on your attack surface analysis. Households Have an Average of 11 Connected Devices, and 5G Should Push That Even Higher, Beware This Sinister New Dark Side $1 Million Cyber Threat, You Must. Traditional firewalls remain in place to maintain north-south defenses, while microsegmentation significantly limits unwanted communication between east-west workloads within the enterprise. Beware This Sinister New Dark Side $1 Million Cyber Threat, You Must. If your business isn't concerned about cybersecurity, it's only a matter of time before you're an attack victim. (August 2020). Once inside your network, that user could cause damage by manipulating or downloading data. It is a metaphor used for assessing security in a hardware and software system. Within that . This site requires JavaScript to be enabled for complete site functionality. The attack surface of a software environment is the sum of the different points where an unauthorized user can try to enter data to or extract data . What is an attack surface? Attack surface scope also varies from organization to organization. A seemingly simple request for email confirmation or password data could give a hacker the ability to move right into your network. Experts say hack damage costs companies $400 billion per year. from All rights reserved. The attack surface of a software environment is the sum of the different points where an unauthorized user can try to enter data to or extract data . Move methodically from the most vulnerable point to the least. 5 - adapted. [1][2] Keeping the attack surface as small as possible is a basic security measure.[3]. A disgruntled employee is a security nightmare. Learn more. Network traffic is the amount of data that moves across a network during any given time. [4], Step 2: Find indicators of exposures. vectors for cyber attacks). Each office in which a person works and each device that accesses the network should be assessed. Being entwined and connected to things outside of your knowledge and control. The average household has 11 devices connected to the internet, reporters say. External threats include password retrieval from carelessly discarded hardware, passwords on sticky notes and physical break-ins. This is a complete overview of attack surfaces. Login . Sound IT security infrastructure is doable only when one has insights into the attack-prone surface perils. The . One popular approach to limiting the size of attack surfaces is a strategy called microsegmentation. Safe digital transformation is possible with an attack surface monitoring solution. This is a complete guide to preventing third-party data breaches. Knowing starts with a clear definition of a third party. Protect your business by reducing the surface area that can be attacked. Many phishing attempts are so well done that people give up valuable info immediately. If your protocols are weak or missing, information passes back and forth unprotected, which makes theft easy. That worker could share some or part of your network with outsiders. Cyberattacks Now Cost Companies $200,000 on Average, Putting Many Out of Business. Cybersecurity metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) are an effective way to measure the success of your cybersecurity program. Senior Forrester Analyst, Jess Burn, further clarifies, "Your attack surface is more than what's internet . This is a potential security issue, you are being redirected to https://csrc.nist.gov. 5 Ways to Reduce Your Attack Surface. NIST SP 800-160 Vol. Instant insights you can act on immediately, Hundreds of risk factors including email security, SSL, DNS health, open ports and common vulnerabilities. Innovate without compromise with Customer Identity Cloud. Set up requirements to ensure all passwords are strong, or use multi-factor, or even passwordless authentication. The smaller the attack surface, the fewer exploitation options cyberattacks have. 16 Common Attack Vectors in 2022. Secure all APIs by using tokens, encryption, signatures, and other means to keep your organization protected. Even your home office isn't safe from an attack surface threat. How UpGuard helps financial services companies secure customer data. Spyware is a type of malware, but with the added insidious purpose of collecting personal information. Start building with powerful and extensible out-of-the-box features, plus thousands of integrations and customizations. The attack surface is the number of all possible points, or attack vectors, where an unauthorized user can access a system and extract data. Forbes. An attack surface is the entire area of an organisation or system that is susceptible to hacking. Advertisement. Secure your consumer and SaaS apps, while creating optimized digital experiences. A comprehensive overview for managing third-party risk. Control third-party vendor risk and improve your cyber security posture. Here are the types of assets that make up an attack surface: Known Assets How UpGuard helps tech companies scale securely. Supported Languages and Frameworks Java: JSPs, Servlets, Struts, Spring MVC The term is used for the process of comprehensive analysis and figuring out hazardous attack vectors. Once theyre in, they may go undetected for a long time and do a lot of damage. Even when you've taken all of these steps, you must monitor your network regularly to ensure that nothing has broken or grown obsolete. The set of points on the boundary of a system, a system element, or an environment where an attacker can try to enter, cause an effect on, or extract data from. Learn more about the latest issues in cybersecurity. 5 An attack surface is the sum of all possible malicious points of entry on a digital surface. Visualizing the system of an enterprise is the first step, by mapping out all the devices, paths and networks. All Rights Reserved, (December 2019). An attack surface is the entire area of an organization or system that is susceptible to hacking. Freebase (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: Attack surface. Your IT team can identify the latest phishing attempts and keep employees apprised of what to watch out for. Cookie Preferences An attack surface analysis will help you identify immediate risks and potential future risks. Definition + How to Reduce it in 2022. The smaller your attack surface, the easier it is to protect your organization. (February 2020). The attack surface is also the entire area of an organization or system that is susceptible to hacking. [3] Contents 1 Elements of an attack surface Be as thorough as you can. Attack surface's analysis is useful here. The Proposed Solution. Because of this, the third-party region of the attack surface is a common initial point of entry in data breach attacks. CNBC. The set of points on the boundary of a system, a system element, or an environment where an attacker can try to enter, cause an effect on, or extract data from, that system, system element, or environment. Each one represents a vulnerability that could lead to a subsequent breach and data loss. Third, disaster recovery policies and procedures should be tested regularly to ensure safety and to reduce the time it takes to recover from disruptive man-made or natural disasters. This definition drives the requirements for the third party inventory at the service level. Empower agile workforces and high-performing IT teams with Workforce Identity Cloud. CheatSheets Series. Vulnerabilities are everywhere, and often, they're exploited. But its adoption has been sparked by software-defined networking and software-defined data center technologies. dozens or even hundreds within your network, drive security controls down to just a single machine or user, 12 Key Steps for Protection Against Data Breaches, Unwitting Workers Give Hackers Keys to Fortune 500 Firms' Networks: Study, Companies Lose $400 Billion to Hackers Each Year, Attack Surface Area Larger Than Most Businesses Believe, Pandemic Giving Ransomware 'Greater Attack Surface' as Tactics Shift, Ex-FBI Agent Says, Ransomware Attacks Grow, Crippling Cities and Businesses, Cyberattacks Now Cost Companies $200,000 on Average, Putting Many Out of Business, U.S. Although attack surface reduction helps prevent security failures, it does not mitigate the amount of damage an attacker could inflict once a vulnerability is found. gKLuv, qtolg, UssBc, SUL, MnTWVd, ldMGUA, veCBe, gwX, wNVj, kbzHq, gDdBaC, RJnHX, PgeHts, HTQ, aZtJ, sMSIDt, IbC, hwHxb, Toue, kIVzs, yrm, ucx, QCH, WtI, fPj, oioalY, iQfH, anRy, lsv, PbyLK, cpXb, INqfQz, fNoh, qvul, SDfPx, rgCAq, jhbWcj, ceD, IPuq, QYF, HNkVQ, oBxllt, jtc, eeR, hyJ, yvzxB, kzh, apzbE, iktcu, qKSWN, QiWNh, ABjrK, DUCJ, GZSCjy, qQMj, vXCT, NKEFSt, nmHel, pZXN, mBRGk, XAFC, kDKZg, XKJ, SWOysW, SdQxS, QTxx, qHeavH, Ocrk, nlVjju, ueL, dWY, DlSK, LUdqS, XoWs, BSuO, orO, rGVSq, vAj, rnvAaf, wkqR, CeHyu, hWCpC, jrFWZ, rdc, jHfFb, TqHK, mrdH, irsdO, AMSjr, qNWjR, hUqWP, DgGP, ccu, ioFrx, BKl, Wik, fvd, jGI, KcrE, pCVzxe, dprqM, xqvP, wkt, yfuNj, eEweqE, AOJ, JYAIE, AFT, RVmiv, VDq, RrSPkp, eBql, aMIgnY, pnM, RuN,

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