Florida gives its citizens a rare and innovative opportunity to play an active role in Democracy. For example, a drawer with the median extension of 9.75 inches requires at least 88 pounds to meet the climbing threshold moment, while a drawer with a 6-inch extension requires at least 109 pounds (almost a 25 percent increase) and the rate at which the weight rises increases rapidly as the extension distance decreases. CPSC staff worked with UMTRI researchers to develop a set of scripted interactions. To ensure this is clear, the final rule also includes a requirement that the front of the hang tag include such an explanatory statement ( For each year from 2006 through 2021, there were an estimated 1,800 to 5,900 ED-treated injuries to children from CSU tip overs. To address the heaviest of these children, the rule uses 51.2 pounds. The prognosis for a hypoxic victim depends on the degree of oxygen deprivation, the duration of unconsciousness, and the speed at which cardiovascular resuscitation attempts are initiated relative to the timing of cardiopulmonary arrest. year; or equivalently, it could be assumed that one third of all CSU models are redesigned each year (2,122 or 6,365 3 years). Participants primarily kept CSUs in bedrooms and used them to store clothing. The report for this study, Fors Marsh Group, CPSC Anchor It! On April 5, 2022, ANSI/BIFMA published a new version of the standard, ANSI/BIFMA X6.5-2022. In numerous incidents, the children opened multiple or all of the extendable elements. For manufacturer websites from which consumers can purchase a CSU, a link to the hang tag information must be provided in the same form as the physical hang tag and be available in close proximity to the price listed on the website. In the other incident, the unit caused a laceration to the right eye, which also resulted in the child being treated and released. Figure 3. An estimated 8,500 ED-treated injuries involved 1-year-olds; an estimated 15,700 involved 2-year-olds; an estimated 14,000 involved 3-year-olds; and an estimated 7,900 involved 4-year-olds. Section 7 of the CPSA authorizes the Commission to issue a mandatory consumer product safety standard that consists of performance requirements or requirements that the product be marked with, or accompanied by, warnings or instructions. This would be a reasonable estimate of the number of responses per year. However, the configuration and weight of this CSU at the time of the incident is uncertain. (viii) A solid horizontal line from 1 to the calculated rating. Consumer Reports, Furniture Wall Anchors: A Nationally Representative Multi-Mode Survey (2018), available at: Phase I of the study focused on CSUs with a single column of drawers and drawers of the same size. In addition, there were approximately 58,351 tip-over injuries involving clothing storage units and children treated in other settings from 2007 through 2021, or an average of 3,890 per year. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, all clothing storage units that are manufactured after May 24, 2023, are subject to the requirements of this part. Start Printed Page 72645 Costs are driven by the modifications required to make the CSU compliant, the number of CSUs and CSU models, as well as other market variables. These annual reports are available at: However, CPSC received several comments seeking clarification of the term freestanding, including the meaning of permanent attachment to the building structure, confusion about reference to a tip restraint, and specific items that may be permanently installed in a home. CPSC considers these costs to be small, or practically negligible for the purpose of estimating the burden of this information collection. This pull force is based on the mean pull strength of 2- to 5-year-old females exerted at elbow level on a convex knob. To ensure this levelling is performed for all levelling devices on a CSU, which is consistent with the purpose in this NPR, this wording has been revised to include multiple levelling devices. Plaintiffs argued that the measure combined three separate and unrelated measures and that the ballot language was misleading. For the NPR data set, of the 32 nonfatal CPSRMS child climbing incidents, the weight of the child was reported in 8 incidents, and ranged from 26 to 80 pounds. the shortest internal length of the pull-out shelf. (2) There were an estimated 84,100 injuries, an annual average of 5,300 estimated injuries, related to clothing storage unit tip overs that were treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2021. 1/8 For instance, the supervisory authorities would wish to avoid introducing unnecessarily complex or costly rules that can act as a barrier to entry, especially for non-systemic firms, or unintentionally favour larger firms with more resource to manage compliance with complex rulebooks. The final rule would affect firms or individuals that manufacture or import CSUs that fall within the scope of the rule. firms to provide ongoing support that meets their retail customers needs. The second comparison moment is for units with doors and is 51.2 pounds times the door extension from fulcrum distance (as defined in the standard, in feet), minus 12.8 pounds feet. Data-related legal requirements and guidance are targeted at data quality, data privacy, data infrastructure, and data governance. 26. Consequently, the location of the child's CM during the behavior is an important variable. The NPR is available at: Because the findings are required to be published in the rule, they reflect the information that was available to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (Commission, CPSC) when the standard was issued on November 25, 2022. Identification of and allocation of responsibility for new risks presented by AI. documents in the last year, 860 This may include your name, contact details (including, if provided, details of the organisation you work for), and opinions or details offered in the response itself. These symbols identify the product and hazard. A 40-pound weight corresponds to a 75th percentile 3-year-old child, 50th percentile 4-year-old child, and 25th percentile 5-year-old child. STURDY Act joint letter of support to full Senate 9-21-2022 (1) 87 FR 6246 (Feb. 3, 2022). See figure 1 to this paragraph (e). [58] Of those 56 incidents, 53 (95 percent) involved partially filled or full drawers. As such, these features are not included in the definition. The standard requires a warning label and provides example text that addresses the tip-over hazard. 15101 et seq. Regular harmonised surveys are conducted by the Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN) for different sectors of the economies. The Vulnerable Customer Guidance notes that customers in vulnerable circumstances may be exposed to an increased risk of harm where firms do not understand the characteristics of vulnerability of their target market and main customer base, and so fail to ensure that products and services meet these needs. Joint Committee on Government Some CSUs may have multiple fulcrums that will vary, depending on the direction the tip-over force is applied. Built-in units are not considered freestanding. Moment Amendment or revision election. See Tab C of the NPR briefing package. 4.45 The supervisory authorities take a principles-based approach to governance. Closed extendable elements filled with clothing tend to stabilize a CSU, but as each filled extendable element is pulled out, the CG of the CSU will further shift towards the front. When a child climbs a CSU, both horizontal forces and vertical forces acting at the hands and feet contribute to CSU tip over. This prototype edition of the in the laboratory's scope of accreditation listed on the CPSC website at: Equation 1 can be multiplied by a child's weight to estimate the moment The new information added to this section since the NPR consists of 6 fatal and 97 nonfatal CPSRMS tip-over incidents and 168 nonfatal NEISS tip-over incidents that involved children and CSUs without televisions. Each drawer or extendible element is open to two-thirds of its extension length, and doors are open perpendicular to the furniture. CPSC staff also developed an estimate of the number of models sold each year. hold onto the upper bar, lift feet off the floor by bending knees, hang still for a few seconds, and then straighten legs to return to the floor; and. A 2018 Consumer Reports study found that 27 percent of consumers overall, and 40 percent of consumers with children under 6 years old in the home, had anchored furniture; the same study found that 10 percent of those with a dresser, tall chest, or wardrobe had anchored it. However, CPSC recognizes that CSUs may have more than one levelling device. (1) Comment: 4.56 Looking ahead, there is a question as to whether there should be a dedicated SMF and/or a Prescribed Responsibility (PR) for AI under the SM&CR. I am a commercial customer. The location where the pull force is applied may affect the outcome of the test, making it important that this force be applied consistently by testers. 2058(f). Researchers calculated the moment that would be generated for a child interacting on a 1-foot extended CSU drawer, where Fulcrum X = 1 foot. The contractor (EurekaFacts) developed recommendations regarding the content, format, size, style, and rating scale, based on consumer feedback during this work. drawers, doors, and dividers); and named, as examples, dressers, armoires, wardrobes, or units with shelving or bins. electronic version on GPOs govinfo.gov. The maximum amount of unfolded clothing that could be put into the tested drawers was only slightly higher than 8.5 pounds per cubic foot. The most common reasons consumers provided for not anchoring furniture, in declining order, included that their children were not left alone around furniture; they perceived the furniture to be stable; they did not want to put holes in the walls; they did not want to put holes in the furniture; the furniture did not come with anchoring hardware; they did not know what hardware to use; and they had never heard of anchoring furniture. For most CSUs, this positional shift is small and does not have a significant effect on measurements to the fulcrum. The Commission has identified 199 clothing storage unit tip-over fatalities to children that were reported to have occurred between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2022. [30] Depending on the percent of drawers that are open and filled, having multiple drawers open decreased the stability of the CSU. New fatal incidents CPSC identified since the NPR data set involved 2 additional climbing incidents, one of which involved a 29-pound child and the other involved a 31-pound child. The regulation is a performance standard, not a design standard; and as discussed in the Final Regulatory Analysis, there are multiple ways to comply with the final rule that may not involve adding weight to the unit. documents in the last year. 109. documents in the last year, 16 This is repeated multiple times on each extension element and all combinations of extension elements are tested. Finally, a voluntary standard does not require compliance. 2075(b) and (c), the requirements in part 1261 preempt non-identical state or local requirements for CSUs designed to protect against the same risk of injury and prescribing requirements regarding the performance, composition, contents, design, finish, construction, packaging or labeling of CSUs. The bottom handle vertical In working on ASTM F2057, the ASTM F15.42 subcommittee has considered a loaded (filled) drawer requirement and test method using an assumed clothing weight of 8.5 pounds per cubic foot. For details about incident data, see Tab A of the NPR and final rule briefing packages. and 17 units assessed as part of previous test data provided to CPSC. These alternatives, their potential costs and benefits, and the reasons CPSC did not select them, are described in detail in section XI. Massale, J., Staff Briefing Package on Furniture Tipover, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (2016), available at: [147] For example, the use of complex and/or opaque AI systems to model probability of default and loss given default in IRB credit models could lead to firms having incorrect levels of regulatory capital. The interlock will be disabled or bypassed for the stability testing in 1261.4(c) if, as a result of the testing specified in paragraph (b) of this section: (1) Any interlocked extendable element or door extends during the test without retracting the originally open extendable element or door; or. Find all the latest real-time sports coverage, live reports, analysis and comment on Telegraph Sport. The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) focus groups on child climbing (the UMTRI study is described in section VII. If you are using public inspection listings for legal research, you [20] The NPR presented three possible child climbing symbols that the Commission was considering, displayed in Figure 9, below. 2.18 Given the kind of issues outlined above, regulators and authorities have generally found it useful to distinguish between AI and non-AI by either: 2.19 Each approach aims to provide clarity of what constitutes AI within the context of a specific regulatory regime and, therefore, what restrictions and requirements may apply to the use of the technology. 2051(b)(1), (b)(2). In the NPR, this term was defined as storage space enclosed on at least 5 sides by a frame or panel(s) and/or behind a non-opaque door and with a flat bottom surface. The final rule defines open space as space within the frame of the furniture, but without a bottom surface and provides, as examples, open space between legs, such as with a console table, or between separated storage components, such as with a vanity or a desk. Vacancies in the membership of the commission shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointments. The estimated annual number of ED-treated injuries to adults and seniors from CSU tip overs is fairly consistent over most of the 16-year period, with an overall yearly average of 1,500 estimated injuries, although data were insufficient to support reliable statistical estimates for adults and seniors for 2014, 2015, 2019, and 2020.[26]. Another potential effect on utility could occur if, in order to comply with the standard, manufacturers modify clothing storage units to eliminate certain desired characteristics or styles, or discontinue models. Among the nonfatal CPSRMS tip-over incidents involving children and only CSUs where age was reported, 3-year-olds were involved in the highest number of incidents (68 incidents), followed by 2-year-olds (62 incidents). See how our expertise and rigorous standards can help organizations like yours. The final rule includes this additional online hang tag requirement because many consumers buy CSUs online and not just in physical stores. The NPR specified that for CSUs with interlocks, the interlocks must be pre-installed, automatically engage when the consumer installs the drawers in the unit, and must engage automatically as part of normal use. https://www.astm.org/READINGLIBRARY/. November 17, 2022. as 33 percent of the distance from the buttock landmark to the top-of-head landmark. 1.19 This DP closes on Friday 10 February 2023. The rule provides two test methods for applying force to a CSU to determine its tip-over moment. The Office of Advocacy did not provide data or any detailed information that would lead staff to conclude that adopting the voluntary standard would minimize the impacts on small businesses, or provide adequate levels of safety for consumers. CSUs are commonly used in bedrooms, an area of the home where children are more likely to have unsupervised time. The DP considers how such legal requirements and guidance apply to the use of AI in UK financial services to support consumer protection, competition, the safety and soundness of individual firms, market integrity, and financial stability. The state legislature wrote the ballot language for this measure. 15. The Office of Advocacy commented that CPSC should clarify that once a product has been tested and certified, small importers and retailers may rely on that certification without incurring additional testing costs.. 4.3 As noted in the foreword, there is a wide-ranging debate about the regulation of AI. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis, Inc. 117. The survey identified that financial services firms were increasingly using AI and needed effective and evolving risk management controls if they were to use it safely and harness the benefits. Using these criteria, at least 97 percent of the furniture retailers are small (based on revenue data from the 2012 Economic Census of the United States). As such, 1.3 cubic feet is a reasonable closed storage volume threshold, and a larger threshold would exclude from the scope of the rule products likely to be used as CSUs that pose the same tip-over hazard. has a flat bottom surface) and provides, as examples, open shelf space that is not behind a door, display space behind a non-opaque door, and framed open clothing hanging space. Fill density. Plaintiffs argued that the measure combined three separate and unrelated measures and that the ballot language was misleading. (Kids in Danger and Shane's Foundation, August 2016). 2.3 The PRA has two primary objectives: (i) a general objective to promote the safety and soundness of PRA-authorised firms; and (ii) an objective specific to insurance firms, to contribute to securing an appropriate degree of protection for those who are or who may become policyholders. These types of injuries are typical of crush injuries caused by blunt head trauma and often have a fatal outcome. Another alternative is to adopt a standard that requires only performance and technical data, similar to or the same as the hang tag requirements in the rule, with no performance requirements for stability. The briefing package supporting the NPR is available at: Allowing manufacturers to modify content may detract from the effectiveness of the label and would not benefit from staff's insights and expertise. (b) For the interlock pull test, the NPR stated that the CSU was to be secured to prevent sliding or tip over. These studies indicate that many consumers do not anchor furniture, including CSUs, in their homes, and that there are several barriers to anchoring, including consumer beliefs, and lack of knowledge about what anchoring hardware to use or how to properly install it. (6) Disable or bypass any interlock(s) in accordance with 1261.3(c). To configure the CSU for testing, the rule requires the CSU to be placed on a hard, level, flat surface in the orientation most likely to cause a tip over. 3.16 Financial services firms are already benefitting from the use of AI by improving operational efficiency across a range of areas, which can help reduce costs and processing times. of 1,502 U.S. adults, and found that only 27 percent of consumers overall, and 40 percent of consumers with children under 6 years old at home, had anchored furniture in their homes. This is the point or line about which the CSU pivots when it tips forward. [16][17], Voters may retrieve registration applications at the following locations:[16], A registration form is also available online. The average hourly wage rate for a mid-level salaried GS-12 employee in the Washington, DC metropolitan area (effective as of January 2022) is $48.78 (GS-12, step 5). Additionally, 12 inches represents the 90th percentile drawer extension length in a dataset of approximately 180 CSUs. In this equation, Fulcrum X is the horizontal distance from the front of the extended drawer to the fulcrum. According to documents filed by Bondi, the state also argued that Detzner did not violate Florida law by placing the amendments on the ballot. Start Printed Page 72653 In addition, CPSC is aware of products that appear, based on design, to be CSUs, but are named and advertised for other purposes ( This part, a consumer product safety standard, prescribes the safety requirements, including labeling and hang tag requirements, for clothing storage units, as defined in 1261.2(a). Amendment sponsor, Republican Senator Jeff Brandes said, "The CRC meets once every 20 years and they place amendments onto the ballot for everyone to vote on. CPSC provides a variety of resources to help both new and experienced small businesses learn about safety requirements that apply to consumer products, including the CPSC Regulatory Robot, small business education videos, and the Small Business Ombudsman. documents in the last year, 11 There may be substantial benefits to competition from the use of AI in financial services, where these technologies may enable consumers to access, assess, and act on information more effectively. Staff determined the calculated clothing weight for the 8.5 pounds per cubic foot drawer fill conditions by multiplying 8.5 by the drawer's functional volume, defined as:[52]. 2.2 The Banks mission is to maintain monetary and financial stability in the UK and, subject to maintaining price stability, the Bank is to support the UK governments economic policy (including its objectives for growth and employment). 2.10 While there is no consensus on a single definition, it is generally accepted that AI is the simulation of human intelligence by machines, including the use of computer systems, which have the ability to perform tasks that demonstrate learning, decision-making, problem solving, and other tasks which previously required human intelligence. (a) The lean behavior is shown on the left, and the ascend behavior is shown on the right. Children may put their body weight on open doors or on extendable elements behind doors, both of which would contribute to instability in the same way as open extendable elements. e.g., Based on this, children between 2 and 5 years old can achieve a mean pull force of 17.2 pounds. 124. Additional explanations on the back of the hang tag and on required warning labels provide further information about the hazard and ways to mitigate it. Because CPSC estimates the annual effect of this rule to be $100,000,000 or more, OIRA determined that this is a major rule. Staff considers the weight placement location for testing doors in ASTM F2057-19 (section 7.2) reasonable. 1/4 However, AI can pose novel challenges, as well as create new regulatory risks, or amplify existing ones. Adding an additional 32.0 percent for benefits brings average annual compensation for a mid-level salaried GS-12 employee to $71.74 per hour. In addition, these features may make the product more appealing to children as a play item. When you have assembled your team, assessed your readiness and reviewed the standards, youre ready to schedule your on-site review. 22, 2018), available at: The concept of emergency preparedness is defined as a continuous cycle of planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, and taking corrective active in an effort to ensure effective coordination during incident response (National Incident Management System). .ballot-measure-endorsements p { For the remaining incidents, either no injury resulted from the incident, or the report did not indicate whether an injury occurred. Start Printed Page 72669 CPSC staff's analyses of tip-over incidents in Tab M of the NPR briefing package outlined several scenarios where children climbing or interacting with the front of a CSU caused the CSU to tip over. However, this alternative is unlikely to provide additional benefits to adequately reduce the risk of CSU tip overs. 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These requirements are the same as the NPR except that the final rule refers to this as an identification mark or label, rather than just an identification label. This does not change the meaning of the requirements, but addresses a comment that expressed concern that the term label meant that other means of applying the information to the product ( Because the fill level, as well as the stability of a CSU, depends on how many doors and extendable elements can open, the standard also includes a requirement that any interlock system must withstand a 30-pound horizontal pull force. 146. Moment, or torque, is an engineering term to describe rotational force acting about a pivot point, or fulcrum. This ensures that consumers have the same information, in the same easily comparable form, whether shopping online or in stores, and facilitates comparisons between online and in-store products. (v) Ratio of tip-over moment, as tested per 1261.4(c), to the threshold moment, as determined per 1261.4(d), of that model clothing storage unit, displayed on a progressive scale. The other, more extreme interactions, such as bounce, lean, and yank, were identified as plausible interactions, based on child behavior; but these interactions were not directly observed in the incident data. According to NEISS, there were an estimated 84,100 injuries,[24] For example: for a 50-pound child Comment: Amend 1112.15 by adding reserved paragraph (b)(53) and paragraph (b)(54) to read as follows: (54) 16 CFR part 1261, Safety Standard for Clothing Storage Units. 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