Dispersion of light provides evidence for the existence of a spectrum of wavelengths present in visible light. Answer:We know that total energy E = K.E. The same can be said for red light on the upper edge of the beam. Learners can quickly see the result of mixing red, green, and blue light in equal and unequal intensities. Rev. By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. Therefore, = 0. The block moves 10 cm down the incline before coming to rest. 1996-2022 The Physics Classroom, All rights reserved. h = 40 m ; n= 30% As we said before, d 0 = 0 because we call home our O and start calculating from there. Calculate the height to which the block rises. The energy is imparted to the medium by the person as he/she does work upon the first coil to give it kinetic energy. Answer:On releasing the bob of pendulum from horizontal position, it falls vertically downward by a distance equal to length of pendulum i.e., h = l = 1.5 m . Work and Energy. And suppose that the beam of white light with its component colors unseparated were directed at an angle towards the surface of a rectangular glass prism. 13. Different materials are distinguished from each other by their different optical densities. By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. The more work that is done upon the first coil, the more displacement that is given to it. The term is properly understood as shorthand for "the principle of inertia" as described by Newton in his first law of motion.. After some other definitions, Newton states in his first law of motion: LAW I. Answer:Here m = 0.5 kg > E, the total energy of the object and as such the kinetic energy of the object would be negative. Answer: Question 6. The light wave then travels through the interatomic vacuum towards the next atom of the material. of bolt = mgh = 0.3 x 9.8 x 3 = 8.82 J (c) What are the answers to (a) and (b) for an inelastic collision? 7. 1. When the child jumps in opposite direction, he will observe the increase in the velocity of the trolley by v. How much fat will the dieter use up? (c) Here x = 0 to x = a and x > b, the P.E. This means that a doubling of the amplitude results in a quadrupling of the energy. Net Force (and Acceleration) Ranking Tasks, Trajectory - Horizontally Launched Projectiles, Which One Doesn't Belong? In which case is the work done greater? Mass of rain drop = volume of drop x density An ocean wave has an amplitude of 2.5 m. Weather conditions suddenly change such that the wave has an amplitude of 5.0 m. The amount of energy transported by the wave is __________. Actual energy, E2 = 1/2mv2 = 1/2 x 3.35 x 10-5 (10)2 = 1.675 x 10-3J A pulse or a wave is introduced into a slinky when a person holds the first coil and gives it a back-and-forth motion. (c) The rate of change of total momentum of a many-particle system is proportional to the external force/sum of the internal forces of the system. Question 6. Two waves are traveling through a container of an inert gas. Discussion pressure drag. Energy is always conserved. Therefore, the trolley moves a distance = 2.5 x 10.36 m= 25.9 m. Question 6.29. We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 6 Work Energy and power help you. Once they learn the basics of color addition and the manner in which the mixing of light produces specific colors in an image, they can Answer:Here, r = 2 mm = 2 x 10-3m. For k = 0.5 Nm-1 , the graph of V (x) versus x is shown in Fig. The minimum total energy that the particle can have in this case is zero. It establishes that the emitted electron must have a fixed energy and thus we cannot account for the continuous energy distribution in the -decay of a neutron. (b) The area needed is camparable to roof area of a large sized house. Once they learn the basics of color addition and the manner in which the mixing of light produces specific colors in an image, they can (d) If the potential energy of two billiard balls depends only on the separation distance between their centres, is the collision elastic or inelastic? By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. Out of the given graphs, curve (v) only satisfies these two conditions. 1996-2022 The Physics Classroom, All rights reserved. For visible light, the n value does not show a large variation with frequency, but nonetheless it shows a variation. =1/2mv2 + 0 =1/2 mv2 As power, p = F x v (b) Fat supplies 3.8 x 107J of energy per kilogram which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate. We use cookies to provide you with a great experience and to help our website run effectively. was discussed. GCSE Combined Science Physics (Combined Science) learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers. m2 = 0.4 kg, u2 = 0 The logic underlying the energy-amplitude relationship is as follows: If a slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction and a transverse pulse is introduced into the slinky, the first coil is given an initial amount of displacement. The light refracts away from the normal, with the violet light bending a bit more than the red light. (i), force is applied on the mass, by the man in vertically upward direction but distance is moved along the horizontal. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 6 Work Energy and power. Neglect the size of the bobs and assume the collision to be elastic. The table at the right further expresses this energy-amplitude relationship. Because of the different indices of refraction for the different wavelengths of visible light, the angle of deviation varies with wavelength. Question 6. Assume that the spring has negligible mass and the pulley is frictionless. Build tracks, ramps, and jumps for the skater. Colors of the visible light spectrum that have shorter wavelengths (BIV) will deviated more from their original path than the colors with longer wavelengths (ROY). However, upon exiting the glass prism, the refraction takes place in the opposite direction. = 0.1 x 2 kg wt = 0.1 x 2 x 9.8 N = 1.96 N Answer:(a) Volume of wind flowing per second = Av Mass of wind flowing per second = Av The loss of this electric potential energy in the external circuit results in a gain in light energy, thermal energy and other forms of non-electrical energy. The wave can be described as having a vertical distance of 32 cm from a trough to a crest, a frequency of 2.4 Hz, and a horizontal distance of 48 cm from a crest to the nearest trough. 5. It was mentioned in the Light and Color unit that each color is characteristic of a distinct wave frequency; and different frequencies of light waves will bend varying amounts upon passage through a prism. 11. Question 6. Question 6. After collision, K.E. Therefore, all other curves cannot possibly describe the elastic collision of two billiard balls. Question 6. This fringe is evidence of dispersion. 2. Note: Whether the drop moves with decreasing acceleration or with uniform speed, work We use cookies to provide you with a great experience and to help our website run effectively. Once it impinges upon the next atom, the process of absorption and re-emission is repeated. Question 6. Measure the speed and adjust the friction, gravity, and mass. Upon entry of white light at the first boundary of a triangular prism, there will be a slight separation of the white light into the component colors of the spectrum. (b) Comets move around the sun in highly elliptical orbits. In a situation such as this, the actual amplitude assumed by the pulse is dependent upon two types of factors: an inertial factor and an elastic factor. What's Up (and Down) with KE and PE? (d) It is a case of elastic collision because in this case the forces will be of conservative nature. (b) Compare this area to that of the roof of a typical house. If the sand leaks out, even then no external force acts. Which of the following potential energy curves in Fig. Case I, E1 = 1/2 (2m) (v/2)2 = 1/4 mv2 Final momentum = M v m (u v) (c) The answers remain unchanged. W = mg x s = 3.35 x 10-5 x 9.8 x 250 = 0.082 J The shape and the slope of the graphs reveal information about how fast the object is moving and in what direction; whether it is speeding up, slowing down or A particle of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line with velocity u = ax3/2, where a = 5 m-1/2 s-1. When the two billiard balls touch each other, P.E. What if one is made of zinc and the other is made of copper? As the bullet comes to rest with respect to the block, the two behave as one body. Upon passage through the prism, the white light is separated into its component colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. 21. As already mentioned, the mechanical energy of an object can be the result of its motion (i.e., kinetic energy) and/or the result of its stored energy of position (i.e., potential energy).The total amount of mechanical energy is merely the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy. (c) Work done by net force = 5.04 x 126 = 635.04 J (a) If the wind flows at a velocity v perpendicular to the circle, what is the mass of the air passing through it in time t? (a) In an elastic collision of two bodies, the momentum and energy of each body is conserved. and kinetic energy can never be negative.The object can not exist in the region, where its K.E. While there are several sub-types of potential energy, we will focus on gravitational potential energy. .. (d) Change in the kinetic energy of the body Rolling without slipping is a combination of translation and rotation where the point of contact is instantaneously at rest. Equations are guides to thinking about how a variation in one variable affects another variable. If you were holding the opposite end of the slinky, then you would feel the energy as it reaches your end. Because there is a different angle of deviation of the various components of white light after transmission across the first boundary, the violet is separated ever so slightly from the red. u=ax3/2, a = 5 m-1/2 s-1. It hits the floor of the elevator (length of elevator = 3 m) and does not rebound. A person trying to lose weight (dieter) lifts a 10 kg mass, one thousand times, to a height of 0.5 m each time. (ii), force is applied along the horizontal and the distance moved is also along the horizontal. Applying principle of conservation of linear momentum, (m1 + m2) v = m1H1 + m2u2 = m1u1. 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Or contact us for a quote or demo. The frequency at which each individual particle vibrates is equal to the frequency at which the source vibrates. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 6 Work Energy and power, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest. 20. The amount of energy carried by a wave is related to the amplitude of the wave. For example, changing the amplitude from 1 unit to 2 units represents a 2-fold increase in the amplitude and is accompanied by a 4-fold (22) increase in the energy; thus 2 units of energy becomes 4 times bigger - 8 units. is negative. Over 1,200 free science projects for K-12. Thus the particle cannot be present in the region x > a. 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Browse by subject, grade level, or try our Topic Selection Wizard to find your winning science project. We are an Open Access publisher and international conference Organizer. (e) Work done is negative, because the resistive force of air opposes the motion i.e., = 180. Instead, think of them as the record of an object's velocity. Question 6. This creates a disturbance within the medium; this disturbance subsequently travels from coil to coil, transporting energy as it moves. And a quadrupling of the amplitude of a wave is indicative of a 16-fold increase in the amount of energy transported by the wave. (a) Work done by the applied force in 10 s 23. Different materials also have differing degrees of elasticity. This chapter of The Physics Classroom Tutorial explores each of these representations of motion using informative graphics, a systematic approach, and an easy-to-understand language. = 1/2 m(v22-v12) = 1/2 x 0.5[(5 x (2)3/2)2 0] = 50 J. And let the car roll along the track and study the effects of track design upon the rider speed, acceleration (magnitude and direction), and energy forms. As would be expected, the light would refract towards the normal upon entering the glass and away from the normal upon exiting the glass. OpenStax offers free college textbooks for all types of students, making education accessible & affordable for everyone. and we get Wien's frequency displacement law. An electron and a proton are detected in a cosmic ray experiment, the first with kinetic energy 10 keV, and the second with 100 keV. Upon exiting the triangular prism at the second boundary, the separation becomes even greater and ROYGBIV is observed in its splendor. Question 6. > E. Question 6.4.The potential energy function for a particle executing linear simple harmonic motion is given by V (x) kx2/2, where k is the force constant of the oscillator. (d) Work done by an applied force on a body moving on a rough horizontal plane with uniform velocity, It undergoes a one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration. Add or remove friction. It falls with decreasing acceleration (due to viscous resistance of the air) until at half its original height, it attains its maximum (terminal) speed, and moves with uniform speed thereafter. Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its location within some gravitational field, most commonly the gravitational field of the Earth. (Note, we are talking here of potential energy corresponding to the force during collision, not gravitational potential energy). (d) In Fig. Density of water, p = 103 kg/ m3 The short answer is that it does. Question 6. = 90. This energy-amplitude relationship is sometimes expressed in the following manner. This section contains more than 70 simulations and the numbers continue to grow. What is the work done by the resistive force in the entire journey if its speed on reaching the ground is 10 ms-1? f max = bT. The x-component of momentum of molecule, Question 6. Mass of water pumped, m = volume x density = 30 x 103 kg Given figures are examples of some potential energy functions in one dimension. Energy Transport and the Amplitude of a Wave. In some situations, rotational kinetic energy matters. The block is suspended from the ceiling by thin wire. Fat used up by the dieter =1kg/(0.76 x 107) x 49000 = 6.45 x 10-3 kg. (b) Kinetic energy, because friction does its work against the motion. Answer carefully, with reasons: Answer:Let there be an observer travelling parallel to the trolley with the same speed. If the frequency of the light wave does not match the resonance frequency of the vibrating electrons, then the light will be reemitted by the atom at the same frequency at which it impinged upon it. The child take 2.5 s to run on the trolley. We use cookies to provide you with a great experience and to help our website run effectively. The Occupational Outlook Handbook is the government's premier source of career guidance featuring hundreds of occupationssuch as carpenters, teachers, and veterinarians. Before collision, total K.E. (a) The casing of a rocket in flight bums up due to friction. (b) Work done by gravitational force in the above case, Net Force (and Acceleration) Ranking Tasks, Trajectory - Horizontally Launched Projectiles, Which One Doesn't Belong? The Physics Hypertextbook is a reaction to three big problems with textbooks: lack of writer's voice, layouts that reduce readability, and outdated economics. Rainbow formation is the next topic of discussion in Lesson 4. (c) Work done by friction on a body sliding down an inclined plane, is conserved in this case. But since the violet light has a shorter wavelength, it would refract more than the longer wavelength red light. Hence. (c) Work done in the motion of a body over a closed loop is zero for every force in nature. Since the value of acceleration due to gravity is the same in all inertial system, therefore the answer will not change even if the elevator is stationary. Upon impact with Earth's atmosphere, cosmic rays produce showers of secondary particles, some of which reach If the same amount of energy is introduced into each slinky, then each pulse will have the same amplitude. This is the b in our equation for a straight line. He will observe the initial momentum of the trolley of mass M and child of mass m as zero. The imparting of energy to the first coil of a slinky is done by the application of a force to this coil. 2. In Fig. The radioactive decay of evaporation residues and their -decay ResearchGate is a network dedicated to science and research. Yet the work done by the gravitational force over every complete orbit of the comet is zero. What is the work done by this force in moving the body a distance of 4 m along the z-axis? (c) An artificial satellite orbiting the earth in very thin atomosphere loses its energy gradually due to dissipation against atmospheric resistance, however small. The goal is to build the ramp with the correct heights and incline angles such that the roling ball moves with a motion that matches a provided position-time or velocity-time graph (the target graph).If the graphs of the ball's motion do not match the target Work done by the resistive forces, W =E1 E2 = 0.164 1.675 x 10-3 W Answer:(a) We know that Uk = frictional force/normal reaction Net Force (and Acceleration) Ranking Tasks, Trajectory - Horizontally Launched Projectiles, Which One Doesn't Belong? In fact, a high energy pulse would likely do some rather noticeable work upon your hand upon reaching the end of the medium; the last coil of the medium would displace your hand in the same direction of motion of the coil. Determine the amplitude, period, and wavelength of such a wave. Kinematics is the science of describing the motion of objects. is more than E, so K.E. More massive slinkies have a greater inertia and thus tend to resist the force; this increased resistance by the greater mass tends to cause a reduction in the amplitude of the pulse. Let v and V be the velocities of electron and proton respectively. In each case, specify the regions, if any, in which the particle cannot be found for the given energy. (b) False, the external force on the system may increase or decrease the total energy of the system. The block is released from rest with the spring in the unstretched position. Answer: Question 6. Thus, while a light wave travels through a vacuum at a speed of c (3.00 x 108 m/s), it travels through a transparent material at speeds less than c. The index of refraction value (n) provides a quantitative expression of the optical density of a given medium. A trolley of mass 300 kg carrying a sandbag of 25 kg is moving uniformly with a speed of 27 km/h on a friction less track. Question 6.3. The amount of energy carried by a wave is related to the amplitude of the wave. The long answer is provided in the following discussion and illustrated by the diagram below. The more displacement that is given to the first coil, the more amplitude that it will have. 8000 Wto be supplied by solar energy = 8000 W/20 = 40000 W Don't look at these graphs and think of them as a picture of a moving object. A=4000 W/200 Wm-2 =200 m2 Resolving momentum of the molecule along x-axis and y-axis, we get Discuss effective temperature.No object emits a mathematically perfect blackbody radiation spectrum. Show that a particle of total energy 1 J moving under this potential must turn back when it reaches x = 2 m. = 0.1623 joule. So whatever change occurs in the amplitude, the square of that effect impacts the energy. The optical density is simply a measure of the tendency of a material to slow down light as it travels through it. The bob of a pendulum is released from a horizontal position. The balance of the energy comes from gamma rays emitted during or immediately following the fission process and from the kinetic energy of the neutrons. If the length of the pendulum is 1.5 m, what is the speed with which the bob arrives at the lowermost point, given that it dissipated 5% of its initial energy against air resistance? Hence the rate of change of total momentum of many particle system is proportional to the external force on the system. With science projects in 32 different areas of science from astronomy to 16. Initial velocity at x = 0, v1 = a x 0 = 0 Question 6. A body is initially at rest. (a) Work done positive, because force is acting in the direction of displacement i.e., = 0. W = 15 x 9.8 x 2 x 1 = 294 joule. 1996-2022 The Physics Classroom, All rights reserved. Visible light, also known as white light, consists of a collection of component colors. Question 6. What is the work done by the gravitational force on the drop in the first and second half of its journey? Sign Up For Free Get a Quote Projectile Motion, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Stick, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Bounce, Forces and Free-Body Diagrams in Circular Motion, I = V/R Equations as a Guide to Thinking, Parallel Circuits - V = IR Calculations, Period and Frequency of a Mass on a Spring, Precipitation Reactions and Net Ionic Equations, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, Collision Carts - Inelastic Collisions Concept Checker, Horizontal Circle Simulation Concept Checker, Aluminum Can Polarization Concept Checker, Put the Charge in the Goal Concept Checker, Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Series Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Parallel Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Voltage Drop), Total Internal Reflection Concept Checker, Vectors - Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions, Circular, Satellite, and Rotational Motion. What is the work done by the net force during its displacement from x = 0 to x = 2 m? If the tank is 40 m above the ground, and the efficiency of the pump is 30%, how much electric power is consumed by the pump? Projectile Motion, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Stick, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Bounce, Forces and Free-Body Diagrams in Circular Motion, I = V/R Equations as a Guide to Thinking, Parallel Circuits - V = IR Calculations, Period and Frequency of a Mass on a Spring, Precipitation Reactions and Net Ionic Equations, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, Collision Carts - Inelastic Collisions Concept Checker, Horizontal Circle Simulation Concept Checker, Aluminum Can Polarization Concept Checker, Put the Charge in the Goal Concept Checker, Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Series Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Parallel Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Voltage Drop), Total Internal Reflection Concept Checker, Vectors - Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions, Circular, Satellite, and Rotational Motion. Net Force (and Acceleration) Ranking Tasks, Trajectory - Horizontally Launched Projectiles, Which One Doesn't Belong? If there was no resistive forces, energy of drop on reaching the ground. This collection of interactive simulations allow learners of Physics to explore core physics concepts by altering variables and observing the results. With a clear understanding of electric potential difference, the role of an electrochemical cell or collection of cells (i.e., a battery) in a simple circuit can be correctly understood. Rev. Upon transmission across the second boundary, the direction of refraction is reversed; yet because the violet light has traveled further downward when passing through the rectangle it is the primary color present in the lower edge of the beam. 1996-2022 The Physics Classroom, All rights reserved. It is this difference in n value for the varying frequencies (and wavelengths) that causes the dispersion of light by a triangular prism. These particular graphs are all horizontal. On 1 May 2014 a paper published in Phys. Questia. A bullet of mass 0.012 kg and horizontal speed 70 ms-1strikes a block of wood of mass 0.4 kg and instantly comes to rest with respect to the block. Materials with higher index of refraction values have a tendency to hold onto the absorbed light energy for greater lengths of time before reemitting it to the interatomic void. Wave A has an amplitude of 0.1 cm. As discussed earlier in Lesson 2, the amplitude of a wave refers to the maximum amount of displacement of a particle on the medium from its rest position. In Fig. Learners can quickly see the result of mixing red, green, and blue light in equal and unequal intensities. Thus, it is proved that the value of v2 is fixed since all the quantities in right hand side are constant. Which is faster, the electron or the proton? 3 AS Chemistry 7404 and A-level Chemistry 7405 AS exams May/June 2016 onwards. is dissipated against air resistance, the balance 95% energy is transformed into K.E. Final speed of trolley is 10.36 ms-1. The particle can go up to a maximum distance xm, where its total energy is transformed into elastic potential energy. (b) Work done is negative, because force is acting against the displacement i.e., = 180. Graphs and Ramps The Graphs and Ramps Interactive is a simulation in which learners build a ramp along which a ball will roll. net effective force = (7 1.96) N = 5.04 N In Figure 2.11, the line starts at d = 0, as well. Answer:(a) In this case total kinetic energy is not conserved because when the bodies are in contact dining elastic collision even, the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. = E P.E. Suppose that a flashlight could be covered with black paper with a slit across it so as to create a beam of white light. m =4/3 r2 x =4/3 x 22/7 (2 x 10-3)3 x 103 = 3.35 x 10-5 kg But what if the slinkies are different? Answer:Let us consider the mass of the molecule be m and that of wall be M. The wall remains at rest due to its large mass. Hence, M v m (u v) = 0 Similarly, the period of vibration of each individual v = 0 + at = at or K.E. (c) False, the work done during the motion of a body over a closed loop is zero only when body is moving under the action of a conservative force (such as gravitational or electrostatic force). where i, j, k, are unit vectors along the x- y- and z-axis of the system respectively. How much has the trolley moved from the time the child begins to run? Mac and Tosh stand 8 meters apart and demonstrate the motion of a transverse wave on a snakey. Putting values v =4 x 20/ 20 + 220 = ms-1 Question 6. Answer: (a) Potential energy of the body decreases because the body in this case goes closer to the centre of the force. of the system The rocket or the atmosphere? So in the end, the amplitude of a transverse pulse is related to the energy which that pulse transports through the medium. When a light wave impinges upon an atom of the material, it is absorbed by that atom. A more elastic medium willallow a greater amplitude pulse to travel through it;the same force causes a greater amplitude. Would your answer be different if the elevator were stationary? What was not mentioned earlier in this unit is that the index of refraction values are dependent upon the frequency of light. The most critical question in deciding how an object will move is to ask are the individual forces that act upon balanced or unbalanced? (b) Here P.E. Give reasons for your answer. W = n(mgh) = 1000 x (10 x 9.8 x 0.5) = 49000J. The absorption and re-emission process causes the higher frequency (lower wavelength) violet light to travel slower through crown glass than the lower frequency (higher wavelength) red light. A raindrop of radius 2 mm falls from a height of 500 m above the ground. Two identical ball bearings in contact with each other and resting on a friction less table are hit head-on by another ball bearing of the same mass moving initially with a speed V. If the collision is elastic, which of the following (Fig.) The bob transfers its entire momentum to the ball on the table. Out of the given graphs, curve (v) only satisfies these two conditions. Obtain the ratio of their speeds, (electron mass = 9.11 x 10-31 kg, proton mass = 1.67 x 10-27 kg, 1 eV= 1.60 x 1019J). Such descriptions can rely upon words, diagrams, graphics, numerical data, and mathematical equations. W = Fs cos 90 = zero On 1 May 2014 a paper published in Phys. Use a voltmeter to measure voltage drops. The Angle of Deviation. Thus, case II is the only possibility since K.E. Consider two identical slinkies into which a pulse is introduced. The blades of a windmill sweep out a circle of area A. Putting a lot of energy into a transverse pulse will not effect the wavelength, the frequency or the speed of the pulse. The angle of deviation is the angle made between the incident ray of light entering the first face of the prism and the refracted ray that emerges from the second face of the prism. When an object experiences pure translational motion, all of its points move with the same velocity as the center of mass; that is in the same direction and with the same speed .-. Work and Energy. (c) Work done is negative, because force of friction is acting against the displacement i.e., = 180. 8. 6. A-level exams May/June 2017 onwards. Compare and contrast series, parallel and combination circuits. work done by applied force = 7 x 126 J = 882 J Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 6 Work Energy and Power. distance, s=1/2x 2.52 x 10 x 10 = 126 m Its displacement in time t is proportional to(i) t1/2 (ii) t (iii) t3/2 (iv) t2 .-. Answer:Since collision is elastic therefore A would come to rest and B would begin to move with the velocity of A. The separation of visible light into its different colors is known as dispersion. Here r is distance between centres of the balls. (d) Work done is positive, because body moves in the direction of applied force i.e., = 0. Find Your Solution. The rope goes over a pulley, and a mass of 15 kg hangs at its other end. Kinematics is the science of describing the motion of objects. Version 1.1 Visit aqa.org.uk/7405 for the most up-to-date specifications, resources, support and administration Isaac Newton (a 17th century scientist) put forth a variety of laws that explain why objects move (or don't move) as they do. We own and operate 500 peer-reviewed clinical, medical, life sciences, engineering, and management journals and hosts 3000 scholarly conferences per year in the fields of clinical, medical, pharmaceutical, life sciences, business, engineering and technology. frictional force = Uk x normal reaction A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump up water to fill a tank of volume 30 m3 in 15 min. Assume that the potential energy lost each time she lowers the mass is dissipated, (a) How much work does she do against the gravitational force? 3. By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. A high energy wave is characterized by a high amplitude; a low energy wave is characterized by a low amplitude. Answer:Here, volume of water = 30 m3; t = 15 min = 15 x 60 = 900s = work done by the net force in 10 seconds = 635.04 J (This is in accordance with work-energy theorem). Kinematics is the science of describing the motion of objects. Question 6. The more energy that the person puts into the pulse, the more work that he/she will do upon the first coil. By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. At whose expense is the heat energy required for burning obtained? .-. (d) The object can not exist in the region between x = -b/2 to x =-a/2 and x = -a/2 to x = -b/2 .Because in this region P.E. Is momentum conserved in the collision? cannot possibly describe the elastic collision of two billiard balls? Discussion. 27. + P.E. (b) Is the total linear momentum conserved during the short time of an elastic collision of two balls? A bolt of mass 0.3 kg falls from the ceiling of an elevator moving down with a uniform speed of 7 ms-1. Actual power consumed or output power p0 = W/t = mgh/t One method for describing the motion of an object is through the use of position-time graphs which show the position of the object as a function of time. Net Force (and Acceleration) Ranking Tasks, Trajectory - Horizontally Launched Projectiles, Which One Doesn't Belong? The amount of overall refraction caused by the passage of a light ray through a prism is often expressed in terms of the angle of deviation ().The angle of deviation is the angle made between the incident ray of light entering the first face of the prism and the refracted ray that emerges from the second face of the prism. The refraction of light at the entry location into the rectangular glass prism would cause a little separation of the white light. Violet light, being slowed down to a greater extent by the absorption and re-emission process, refracts more than red light. The particle can not exist in these portions. This permits the definition of a standard by which light sources are compared. Earlier in this unit, the concept of optical density was introduced. State if each of the following statements is true or false. As mentioned earlier, a wave is an energy transport phenomenon that transports energy along a medium without transporting matter. Because of the different indices Will they reach there at the same speed? Point out the correct alternative: In these graphs, higher means faster not farther. (a) work done against gravitational force. So there shall be no change in the speed of the trolley. (ii), he walks the same distance pulling the rope behind him. Cosmic rays are high-energy particles or clusters of particles (primarily represented by protons or atomic nuclei) that move through space at nearly the speed of light.They originate from the Sun, from outside of the Solar System in our own galaxy, and from distant galaxies. 15. (e) Work done by the resistive force of air on a vibrating pendulum in bringing it to rest. In that Lesson, it was emphasized that the slope of the line on a velocity-time graph is equal to the acceleration of the object and the area between the line and the time axis is equal to the displacement of the object. Answer:P.E. The emergence of different colors of light from a triangular prism at different angles leads an observer to see the component colors of visible light separated from each other. In this unit, we will investigate the dispersion of light in more detail, pondering the reasons why different frequencies of light bend or refract different amounts when passing through the prism. To the extent that a hot surface emits thermal radiation but is not an ideal black-body radiator, the color What is the electrical power produced? 30. This chapter of The Physics Classroom Tutorial explores each of these representations of motion using informative graphics, a systematic approach, and an easy-to-understand language. satellite slightly increases i.e., its speed increases progressively. A molecule in a gas container hits a horizontal wall with speed 200 msA and angle 30 with the normal, and rebounds with the same speed. Browse our list of available subjects! =p0/pi=> pi=p0/ = 13070/(30/100)=43567 W =43.56 KW. Inertia is the idea that an object will continue its current motion until some force causes its speed or direction to change. Final velocity at x = 2, v2 = a (2)3/2= 5 x (2)3/2 Answer:Let the masses of the electron and proton be m and M respectively. A body constrained to move along the z-axis of a coordinate system is subject to a constant forceF given by 9. (a) When a conservative force does positive work on a body, the potential energy of the bodyincreases/decreases/remains unaltered. These colors are often observed as light passes through a triangular prism. A common physics lab involves quickly climbing a flight of stairs and using mass, height and time information to determine a student's personal power. Two different materials have different mass densities. Work done by the gravitational force of the sun over a closed path in every complete orbit of the comet is zero. By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. What's Up (and Down) with KE and PE? The radioactive decay of evaporation residues and their -decay The energy transported by a wave is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude. The energy transported by wave B must be __________ the energy transported by wave A. Vibrations and Waves - Lesson 2 - Properties of a Wave. A trolley of mass 200 kg moves with a uniform speed of 36 km h-1 on a friction less track. Revised annually, the latest version contains employment projections for A light wave would be slowed down to a greater extent when passing through such a material. In a previous chapter of study, the variety of ways by which motion can be described (words, graphs, diagrams, numbers, etc.) Think of some physical contexts for which these potential energy shapes are relevant. 14. As mentioned earlier, a light wave traveling through a transparent material interacts with the atoms of that material. Mass of air passing in second = Avt, Question 6. Do all this without the fear of being electrocuted (as long as you don't use your computing device in the This means that a doubling of the amplitude of a wave is indicative of a quadrupling of the energy transported by the wave. Also, indicate the minimum total energy the particle must have in each case. Answer:Let m be the mass of each ball bearing. The DC Circuit Builder equips the learner with a virtual electronic circuit board. (b) What is the kinetic energy of the air? This energy is transferred from coil to coil until it arrives at the end of the slinky. (c) Internal forces can not change the total or net momentum of a system. The bob does not rise at all. Answer:Here, force constant k = 0.5 Nm-1 and total energy of particle E = 1J. Answer:(a) Heat energy required for burning of casing of rocket comes from the rocket itself. The Total Mechanical Energy. As another example, changing the amplitude from 1 unit to 4 units represents a 4-fold increase in the amplitude and is accompanied by a 16-fold (42) increase in the energy; thus 2 units of energy becomes 16 times bigger - 32 units. 28. The displacement is due to the force applied by the person upon the coil to displace it a given amount from rest. Connect, collaborate and discover scientific publications, jobs and conferences. (b) Work done by friction = 1.96 x 126 = -246.96 J We use cookies to provide you with a great experience and to help our website run effectively. In the region x > a, the potential energy has a value greater than E. So, kinetic energy will be negative in this region. Why then does its speed increase progressively as it comes closer and closer to the earth? (d) In Fig. Unbalanced forces will cause objects to change their state of motion and a balance of forces will result in objects continuing in their current state of motion. The RGB Color Addition Interactive provides the user with an interactive light box for investigating the principles of color addition. 1. Explain. (c) Work done by the net force on the body in 10 s Set the area under intensity-wavelength curve for a real source of radiation equal to the area under the intensity-wavelength curve for an ideal blackbody and solve for temperature. Momentum of electron + momentum of proton= momentum of neutron (i), the man walks 2 m carrying a mass of 15 kg on his hands. Using law of conservation of momentum. (d) In an inelastic collision of two bodies, the quantities which do not change after the collision are the total kinetic energy/total linear momentum/ total energy of the system of two bodies. For the same reasons, a high energy ocean wave can do considerable damage to the rocks and piers along the shoreline when it crashes upon it. The power delivered to it at time t is proportional to The force on an object that resists its motion through a fluid is called drag.When the fluid is a gas like air, it is called aerodynamic drag or air resistance.When the fluid is a liquid like water it is called hydrodynamic drag, but never "water resistance".. Fluids are characterized by their ability to flow. How is the Energy Transported Related to the Amplitude? What is the speed of the trolley after the entire sand bag is empty? Why? Answer:(ii) From v = u + at Case III, E3 = 1/2(3m) (v/3)2 = 1/6mv2 Will the amplitudes now be the same or different? 1996-2022 The Physics Classroom, All rights reserved. Friction is not a conservative force hence work done by force of friction (or work done on the body against friction) is not zero over a closed loop. acceleration = 5.04/2 ms-2 = 2.52 ms-2 So, kinetic energy is positive. Answer:Work done, W = T.S = Fs cos Answer:(a) False, the total momentum and total energy of the system are conserved. A family uses 8 kW of power, (a) Direct solar energy is incident on the horizontal surface at an average rate of 200 W per square meter. Design a track. In this unit (Newton's Laws of Motion), the ways in which motion can be explained will be discussed. E1= mgh = 3.35 x 10-5 x 9.8 x 500 = 0.164 J Thus object cannot be present in any region of the graph. = 0.76 x107 J/kg NCERT Solutions. Question 6.17. Clearly, the system is not being acted upon by an external force. Wave B has an amplitude of 0.2 cm. (c) As an artificial satellite gradually loses its energy due to dissipation against atmospheric resistance, its potential decreases rapidly. Despite the diagonal motion along the staircase, it is often assumed that the horizontal motion is constant and all the force from the steps is used to elevate the student upward at a constant speed. (b) Total energy of a system is always conserved, no matter what internal and external forces onthe body are present. A 1 kg block situated on a rough incline is connected to a spring with spring constant 100 Nm-1 as shown in Figure. State carefully if the following quantities are positive or negative: 22. View the skater's kinetic energy, potential energy, and thermal energy as they move along the track. them i.e., V (r) 1/r. Given 1 = 30, 2 = 60, and h = 10 m, what are the speeds and times taken by the two stones? If a pulse is introduced into two different slinkies by imparting the same amount of energy, then the amplitudes of the pulses will not necessarily be the same. As solar energy is incident at a rate of 200 Wm-2, hence the area needed The absorbed energy causes the electrons in the atom to vibrate. Answer:Here, m = 10 kg, h = 0.5 m, n = 1000 Start playing, exploring and learning today with a free account. Energy Conservation Questions; Energy Dissipation Questions; Energy Ranking Tasks; LOL Charts (a.k.a., Energy Bar Charts) Match That Bar Chart; Words and Charts Questions; Name That Energy; Stepping Up with PE and KE Questions; Work; Circular and Satellite Motion. The amount of overall refraction caused by the passage of a light ray through a prism is often expressed in terms of the angle of deviation (). Consider the decay of a free neutron at rest: n > p + e. Distance moved in each half of the journey, S=500/2= 250 m. Both the red and the violet components of light are traveling in the same direction as they were traveling before entry into the prism. 19. Question 6. If pi is input power (required), then as There is however a thin red fringe present on one end of the beam and thin violet fringe present on the opposite side of the beam. As only 20% of solar energy can be converted to useful electrical energy, hence, power Browse Science Projects. Whence v =mu/ M + m After more than twenty years, Questia is discontinuing operations as of Monday, December 21, 2020. Answer: Question 6. 24. Let v be the velocity acquired by the combination. Question 6.4.The potential energy function for a particle executing linear simple = 0. (a) In an elastic collision of two billiard balls, is the total kinetic energy conserved during the short time of collision of the balls (i.e., when they are in contact)? Will the stones reach the bottom at the same time? There will always be lumps in the curve. (c) Assume that the windmill converts 25% of the winds energy into electrical energy, and that A = 30 m2, v = 36 km/h and the density of air is 1.2 kg m-3 . (b) Work done by friction in 10 s Lesson 4 of this unit at The Physics Classroom focused on the use of velocity-time graphs to describe the motion of objects. A body is moving unidirectionally under the influence of a source of constant power. p = (ma) x at = ma2t The gravitational force on the comet due to the sun is not normal to the comets velocity in general. (b) Yes, because total momentum conserves as per law of conservation of momentum. What is the heat produced by the impact? Cosmic rays are high-energy particles or clusters of particles (primarily represented by protons or atomic nuclei) that move through space at nearly the speed of light.They originate from the Sun, from outside of the Solar System in our own galaxy, and from distant galaxies. For the same reasons, a high energy ocean wave can do considerable damage to the rocks and piers along the shoreline when it crashes upon it. Answer:The potential energy of a system of two masses varies inversely as the distance (r) between 1 Observe that whenever the amplitude increased by a given factor, the energy value is increased by the same factor squared. Lett by J. Khuyagbaatar and others states the superheavy element with atomic number Z = 117 (ununseptium) was produced as an evaporation residue in the 48 Ca and 249 Bk fusion reaction at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. As was discussed in Lesson 1, a wave is produced when a vibrating source periodically disturbs the first particle of a medium.This creates a wave pattern that begins to travel along the medium from particle to particle. Projectile Motion, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Stick, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Bounce, Forces and Free-Body Diagrams in Circular Motion, I = V/R Equations as a Guide to Thinking, Parallel Circuits - V = IR Calculations, Period and Frequency of a Mass on a Spring, Precipitation Reactions and Net Ionic Equations, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, Collision Carts - Inelastic Collisions Concept Checker, Horizontal Circle Simulation Concept Checker, Aluminum Can Polarization Concept Checker, Put the Charge in the Goal Concept Checker, Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Series Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Parallel Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Voltage Drop), Total Internal Reflection Concept Checker, Vectors - Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions, Circular, Satellite, and Rotational Motion. (i) t1/2 (ii) t (iii) t3/2 (iv) t2 What is the slope? As a result, kinetic energy of As 5% of loss in P.E. Unlike the passage through the triangular prism with non-parallel sides, there is no overall angle of deviation for the various colors of white light. Projectile Motion, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Stick, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Bounce, Forces and Free-Body Diagrams in Circular Motion, I = V/R Equations as a Guide to Thinking, Parallel Circuits - V = IR Calculations, Period and Frequency of a Mass on a Spring, Precipitation Reactions and Net Ionic Equations, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, Collision Carts - Inelastic Collisions Concept Checker, Horizontal Circle Simulation Concept Checker, Aluminum Can Polarization Concept Checker, Put the Charge in the Goal Concept Checker, Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Series Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Parallel Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Voltage Drop), Total Internal Reflection Concept Checker, Vectors - Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions, Circular, Satellite, and Rotational Motion, Lesson 2 - Describing Motion with Diagrams, Lesson 3 - Describing Motion with Position vs. Time Graphs, Lesson 4 - Describing Motion with Velocity vs. Time Graphs, Lesson 5 - Free Fall and the Acceleration of Gravity, Lesson 6 - Describing Motion with Equations. a result of work done against friction the kinetic energy of rocket continuously decreases and this work against friction reappears as heat energy. A child of mass 20 kg runs on the trolley from one end to the other (10 m away) with a speed of 4 ms-1 relative to the trolley in a direction opposite to the trolleys motion, and jumps out of the trolley. Our initial position in a position versus time graph is always the place where the graph crosses the x-axis at t = 0. Lett by J. Khuyagbaatar and others states the superheavy element with atomic number Z = 117 (ununseptium) was produced as an evaporation residue in the 48 Ca and 249 Bk fusion reaction at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. Since m and a are constants, therefore, p t. Question 6. The energy imparted to a pulse will only affect the amplitude of that pulse. It is also the basis for understanding the formation of rainbows. Projectile Motion, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Stick, Keeping Track of Momentum - Hit and Bounce, Forces and Free-Body Diagrams in Circular Motion, I = V/R Equations as a Guide to Thinking, Parallel Circuits - V = IR Calculations, Period and Frequency of a Mass on a Spring, Precipitation Reactions and Net Ionic Equations, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, Collision Carts - Inelastic Collisions Concept Checker, Horizontal Circle Simulation Concept Checker, Aluminum Can Polarization Concept Checker, Put the Charge in the Goal Concept Checker, Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Series Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Parallel Circuits), Circuit Builder Concept Checker (Voltage Drop), Total Internal Reflection Concept Checker, Vectors - Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions, Circular, Satellite, and Rotational Motion. For instance for some types of glass, the n value for frequencies of violet light is 1.53; and the n value for frequencies of red light is 1.51. Such descriptions can rely upon words, diagrams, graphics, numerical data, and mathematical equations. All for free. Topics and Subtopics inNCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 6 Work Energy and Power: Question 6. Answer:(a) Power used by family, p = 8 KW = 8000 W 18. (b)Work done by a body against friction always results in a loss of its kinetic/potential energy. Potential energy is one of several types of energy that an object can possess. Energy Conservation Questions; Energy Dissipation Questions; Energy Ranking Tasks; LOL Charts (a.k.a., Energy Bar Charts) Match That Bar Chart; Words and Charts Questions; Name That Energy; Stepping Up with PE and KE Questions; Work; Circular and Satellite Motion. 26. Two inclined frictionless tracks, one gradual and the other steep meet at A from where two stones are allowed to slide down from rest, one on each track (Fig). Question 6. NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. A body of mass 2 kg initially at rest moves under the action of an applied horizontal force of 7 N on a table with coefficient of kinetic friction = 0.1. The optical density of a material is the result of the tendency of the atoms of a material to maintain the absorbed energy of the light wave in the form of vibrating electrons before reemitting it as a new electromagnetic disturbance. Add resistors, light bulbs, wires and ammeters to build a circuit, Explore Ohm's law. In the Light and Color unit of The Physics Classroom Tutorial, the visible light spectrum was introduced and discussed. Compute the We use cookies to provide you with a great experience and to help our website run effectively. Is the collision elastic or inelastic? He will observe child landing at velocity (u u) Therefore, initial momentum = 0 is a possible result after collision? Answer:Here, m1 = 0.012 kg, u1 = 70 m/s of the system is would become negative. (d) True, usually in an inelastic collision the final kinetic energy is always less than the initial kinetic energy of the system. We use cookies to provide you with a great experience and to help our website run effectively. After a while, sand starts leaking out of a hole on the trolleys floor at the rate of 0.05 kg s-1. The manner in which objects will move is determined by the answer to this question. Also, estimate the amount of heat produced in the block. Of course the discussion of the dispersion of light by triangular prisms begs the following question: Why doesn't a square or rectangular prism cause the dispersion of a narrow beam of white light? Answer the following: Learn about the conservation of energy at the skate park! done by the gravitational force on the drop remains the same. Thus, work done in (ii) case is greater. Let u be the velocity of the child. As the density of water = p = 103 kg m-3 The RGB Color Addition Interactive provides the user with an interactive light box for investigating the principles of color addition. Refraction and the Ray Model of Light - Lesson 4 - Interesting Refraction Phenomena. 25. Question 6. 12. Case II, E2 = 1/2 mv2 (a) Work done by a man in lifting a bucket out of a well by means of a rope tied to the bucket, Answer:(ii)p = force x velocity. The more closely that the frequency of the light wave matches the resonant frequency of the electrons of the atoms of a material, the greater the optical density and the greater the index of refraction. How high does the bob A rise after the collision? 10. The bob A of a pendulum released from 30 to the vertical hits another bob B of the same mass at rest on a table as shown in Fig. The bolt does not rebound. (d) Change in kinetic energy of the body in 10 s and interpret your results. (b) Mechanical energy supplied by 1 kg of fat = 3.8 x 107 x20/100 Question 6. Create a loop. Work done = increase in K.E (d) In an inelastic collision, the final kinetic energy is always less than the initial kinetic energy of the system. Find the coefficient of friction between the block and the incline. Net Force (and Acceleration) Ranking Tasks, Trajectory - Horizontally Launched Projectiles, Which One Doesn't Belong? (d) In an inelastic collision of two bodies, the quantities which do not change after the collision are the total kinetic energy/total linear momentum/total energy of the system of two bodies. (a) In the region between x = 0 and x = a, potential energy is zero. Answer:The system of trolley and sandbag is moving with a uniform speed. The sign of work done by a force on a body is important to understand. What is the final speed of the trolley? 1996-2022 The Physics Classroom, All rights reserved. W = Fs cos = mg x s cos 0 The total energy of the particle is indicated by a cross on the ordinate axis. The color temperature of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from an ideal black body is defined as its surface temperature in kelvins, or alternatively in micro reciprocal degrees (mired). The energy transported by a wave is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude of the wave. (b) This is because gravitational force is a conservative force. When it does, it is one of the forms of energy that must be accounted for. So the whole of the energy is converted into heat. Assemble a collection of hills. Show that the two body decay of thistype must necessarily give an electron of fixed energy, and therefore, cannot account for the observed continuous energy distribution in the -decay of a neutron or a nucleus, Fig. =>p0=(30 x 103 x 9.8 x 40)/900=13070 watt becomes zero i.e., at r = R + R = 2 R; V (r) = 0. A tripling of the amplitude of a wave is indicative of a nine-fold increase in the amount of energy transported by the wave. Upon impact with Earth's atmosphere, cosmic rays produce showers of secondary particles, some of which reach If 20% of this energy can be converted to useful electrical energy, how large an area is needed to supply 8 kW? Answer: Question 6. Question 6. The v = 9.0 m/s line is higher because that object is moving faster than the others. 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