selenium deficiency leads to which disease

government site. Int J Mol Sci. Whilst studies are ongoing into the effect of selenium deficiency in female reproduction, it is considered to reduce fertility. Impact of a selenium chemoprevention clinical trial on hospital admissions of HIV-infected participants. An analysis of data from the Supplmentation en Vitamines et Minraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) study on 4,447 participants aged 45 to 60 years in France found that, compared with placebo, daily supplementation with 120 mg ascorbic acid, 30 mg vitamin E, 6 mg beta-carotene, 100 mcg selenium, and 20 mg zinc for 8 years was associated with higher episodic memory and semantic fluency test scores 6 years after the study ended [59]. Compared with the control group, the TRNAU1AP-shRNA group showed markedly reduced cell proliferation and migration abilities. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1802-8. Dennert G, Zwahlen M, Brinkman M, Vinceti M, Zeegers MP, Horneber M. Selenium for preventing cancer. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD009671. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2335-42. Mushrooms: crimini and shiitake. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;28:689-703. 2021 Jan;199(1):185-196. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02112-z. An official website of the United States government. [, Kupka R, Mugusi F, Aboud S, Hertzmark E, Spiegelman D, Fawzi WW. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:762-73. Selenium-rich foods include: Brazil nuts organ meats yellowfin tuna rice beans whole. *Breast milk, formula, and food should be the only sources of selenium for infants. Selenium-rich foods include: The National Institutes of Health recommends that people over age 14 years try to get 55 micrograms (mcg) of selenium per day. The epidemiological data on the role of selenium in cardiovascular disease have yielded conflicting conclusions. If you think you may have a selenium deficiency, work with a qualified healthcare professional to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms. 2) liver necrosis. Would you like email updates of new search results? Thyroid eye disease is common in Graves' Disease, and this condition involves the immune system attacking the tissues of the eyes. The extensive transport of food typically allows people living in low-selenium areas to obtain sufficient amounts of selenium [6]. Selenium works with vitamin E as an antioxidant. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. "If proven further in larger studies, our observation about the link between selenium deficiency and PPCM could lead to the development of a cure for the disease, at least in some of the patients . Stephensen CB, et al. The clinical signs of white muscle disease vary according to the particular muscle groups affected. Fish: salmon, tuna, halibut and cod. Stazi AV, Trinti B. Carenza di selenio nella malattia celiaca: rischio di tireopatie autoimmuni [Selenium deficiency in celiac disease: risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases]. Intake recommendations for selenium and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences) [6]. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Muscle diseases (myopathies) In addition, a persistent selenium deficiency can cause specific clinical pictures: Keshan disease is a disease of the heart muscle. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:1475-8. Selenium and vitamin E are essential in sheep diets, and work together to prevent and repair cell damage in the body. Cisplatin-induced changes of selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activities in blood of testis tumor patients. It may be entirely possible that the symptoms of selenium deficiency may actually be mediated through their effects on your thyroid. Some potential factors that may lead me to suspect an iodine deficiency include: eating a diet low in seafood, . The first-line treatment for selenium deficiency is to try to eat more foods that are high in selenium. Pregnant women should pay special attention to consuming this nutrient, because scientists are finding that selenium deficiencies can lead to the development of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), a potentially lethal heart disease. Selenium. Selenium deficiency is uncommon, but regions in China, Europe, Russia and New Zealand have low levels of selenium in croplands and diet. Foods providing 20% or more of the DV are considered to be high sources of a nutrient, but foods providing lower percentages of the DV also contribute to a healthful diet. [, Niskar AS, Paschal DC, Kieszak SM, Flegal KM, Bowman B, Gunter EW, et al. Plasma selenium concentration and prostate cancer risk: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). FOIA Many studies have investigated the immune damage caused by Se deficiency in chickens, but its mechanism still needs to be explored. [, Akbaraly TN, Hininger-Favier I, Carriere I, Arnaud J, Gourlet V, Roussel AM, et al. 11th ed. Am J Epidemiol 2009;169:996-1003. Cisplatin can reduce selenium levels in hair and serum but whether these reductions have a clinically significant impact is not known [67,68]. [, Xun P, Liu K, Morris JS, Daviglus ML, He K. Longitudinal association between toenail selenium levels and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis: the CARDIA trace element study. Am J Clin Nutr. A cross-sectional study of blood selenium concentration and cognitive function in elderly Americans: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 20112014. However, the authors called for large randomized clinical trials to provide high-quality evidence of this effect. Here are the 9 best ones for every use, picked by dietitians. In some regions (e.g. Epub 2017 Apr 12. Biol Trace Elem Res 186:98105 Selenium Deficiency-Induced Damage and Altered Expression of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Markers in the Kidneys of Mice. DRI is the general term for a set of reference values used for planning and assessing nutrient intakes of healthy people. Selenium deficiency also contributes (along with iodine deficiency) to Kashin-Beck disease. Association between Selenium Status and Chronic Kidney Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Based on CHNS Data. Int J Cancer 2010;127:1875-81. 2020 Apr;33(2):289-297. doi: 10.1007/s40620-019-00637-8. Two of the well-known immunonutrients are selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). Other trials have provided evidence that selenium supplementation (200 mcg/day) or supplementation with a multivitamin/multimineral pill containing selenium (100 mcg/day) does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease or cardiac death [49-51]. Selenium Deficiency Symptoms. Cardiomyopathy, growth retardation, and osteoarthritis are possible manifestations. Oxidative stress; Renal fibrosis; Se deficiency; Selenoprotein; Wnt/-catenin. French adults' cognitive performance after daily supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals at nutritional doses: a post hoc analysis of the Supplementation in Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants (SU.VI.MAX) trial. Selenium Deficiency By Editorial Team Last updated: April 2022 Researchers have found that low levels of the mineral selenium may contribute to someone developing thyroid eye disease (TED). Dig Dis 21: 266-270, 2003. Selenium levels are often low in people living with HIV, possibly because of inadequate intakes (especially in developing countries), excessive losses due to diarrhea, and malabsorption [2,25]. The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), a randomized, controlled trial in 35,533 men aged 50 years or older from the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico, was discontinued after 5.5 years when analyses showed no association between supplementation with 200 mcg/day selenium with or without 400 international units (IU)/day vitamin E and prostate cancer risk [41]. In the UK it is 75g/day for adult males and 60g/day for adult females. [22], "Dietary selenium and selenoprotein function", "SeleniumFascinating Microelement, Properties and Sources in Food", "KashinBeck Osteoarthropathy in Rural Tibet in Relation to Selenium and Iodine Status", "Effect of micronutrient status on natural killer cell immune function in healthy free-living subjects aged 90 y", "Selenium stimulates the antitumour immunity: Insights to future research", "From Selenium to Selenoproteins: Synthesis, Identity, and Their Role in Human Health", "Effectiveness of selenium supplements in a low-selenium area of China", "The metabolism and toxicity of cyanides and cyanogenic glycosides in sheep", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selenium_deficiency&oldid=1077953014, This page was last edited on 19 March 2022, at 03:02. This makes selenium deficiency more common in certain parts of the world. [4] Keshan disease also makes the body more susceptible to illness caused by other nutritional, biochemical, or infectious diseases. Ask ODS More research is needed to confirm the relationship between selenium concentrations and cancer risk and to determine whether selenium supplements can help prevent any form of cancer. Symptoms of a thyroid problem include these signs and symptoms: 11 Hair loss the US and Canada, such supplementation is regulated. Selenium is an important mineral. Selenium is a trace mineral found naturally in the soil and also in certain foods and water. In the Se-deficient group, the levels of collagen I, collagen III, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and other fibrosis-related proteins changed significantly in vivo and in vitro. Analyses of hair or nail selenium content can be used to monitor longer-term intakes over months or years. U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Selenium is a trace element that is naturally present in many foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. Calcium deficiency at the cellular level is the main cause, although feeding a diet deficient or imbalanced in calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D 3 can also induce this problem. Crossref . A cross-sectional study in 805 adults with mild iodine deficiency in Denmark also found a significant inverse association between serum selenium concentration and thyroid volume in women [61]. Estimation of antioxidant intakes from diet and supplements in U.S. adults. Selenium benefits include defending against oxidative stress, heart disease and cancer; boosting immunity; regulating thyroid function; protecting against cognitive decline; and boosting fertility. Selenomethionine tends to be easier for your body to absorb, so it may be a better option for more severe deficiency cases. Careers. Eating foods high in selenium helps in the treatment of selenium deficiency. Quantification of one or more selenoproteins (such as glutathione peroxidase and selenoprotein P) is also used as a functional measure of selenium status [3]. In addition, hemodialysis patients are at risk of low dietary selenium intakes due to anorexia resulting from uremia and dietary restrictions. Selenium (Se) is a part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which metabolizes hydroperoxides formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids. The dyshomeostasis hypothesis helps reconcile previous conflicting reports on the correlations between selenium status and disease severity . The site is secure. A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies. The selenium deficiency is curable and sometimes incurable (if the horse owner shows reckless behaviour). much of the northeastern and northwestern US and adjacent Canada, and the southeastern US), selenium deficiency in some animal species is common unless supplementation is carried out. Sunde RA. Take care not to exceed the tolerable intake level of 400 mcg of selenium. The authors of a systematic review that included nine placebo-controlled studies concluded that the available clinical evidence is insufficient to determine whether selenium supplements can prevent Alzheimers disease [55]. Because this micronutrient is the essential factor of glutathione peroxidase synthesis and is involved in various metabolic processes, it may predispose individuals to various diseases. [, Gao S, Jin Y, Hall KS, Liang C, Unverzagt FW, Ji R, et al. [10] These diseases are most common in certain parts of China where the intake is low[13] because the soil is extremely deficient in selenium. -, Lu J, Holmgren A (2009) Selenoproteins. Unfortunately, healthcare workers do not usually measure selenium levels in the body. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans describes a healthy dietary pattern as one that: This fact sheet by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) provides information that should not take the place of medical advice. The researchers go on to say that Selenium deficiency can cause thyroid diseases and can lead to unregulated inflammatory damage Regarding gluten sensitivity - the target organs are not limited to the gut, but include thyroid, liver, skin and reproductive and nervous systems Regarding selenium deficiency - Cai X, et al. Thomson CD, Chisholm A, McLachlan SK, Campbell JM. Kuria A, et al. In 2008, for example, 201 people experienced severe adverse reactions from taking a liquid dietary supplement containing 200 times the labeled amount [66]. Selenium deficiency refers to not having enough selenium in your system. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine The DV for selenium is 55 mcg for adults and children aged 4 years and older [13]. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! March 26, 2021 Eur J Endocrinol 2011;164:585-90. Curr HIV Res 2007;5:129-37. Etude du Vieillissement Artriel. Zinc is a nutrient that plays many vital roles in your body. However, some research has shown conflicting results on this subject. All Rights Reserved. [, Kupka R, Garland M, Msamanga G, Spiegelman D, Hunter D, Fawzi W. Selenium status, pregnancy outcomes, and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Food-chain selenium and human health: emphasis on intake. Background Without an adequate immune response, SARS-CoV2 virus can simply spread throughout the body of the host. 55g/day recommendation is based on full expression of plasma glutathione peroxidase. For example, selenium deficiency in combination with a second stress (possibly a viral infection) leads to Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy that occurred in parts of China prior to a government-sponsored selenium supplementation program that began in the 1970s [2,5,8,21]. Skeletal muscle is the major site of selenium storage, accounting for approximately 28% to 46% of the total selenium pool [3]. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012:225-37, Sunde RA. Selenium is a trace mineral found naturally in the soil, in certainhigh-selenium foods, and even in small amounts in water. While 55 mcg/day is the standard recommended amount, some experts believe that the goal of supplementation should be to achieve about 70 to 90 mcg/day for adults. Extract of Corallodiscus flabellata attenuates renal fibrosis in SAMP8 mice via the Wnt/-catenin/RAS signaling pathway. However, other observational studies failed to find statistically significant links between selenium concentrations and risk of heart disease or cardiac death, or they found that higher selenium concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [45-47]. (2017). [, Sieja K, Talerczyk M. Selenium as an element in the treatment of ovarian cancer in women receiving chemotherapy. [. Keshan disease is caused by selenium deficiency and triggered by a viral infection, and it can damage the walls of the heart. [5], It can occur in patients with severely compromised intestinal function, those undergoing total parenteral nutrition, those who have had gastrointestinal bypass surgery, and also in persons of advanced age (i.e., over 90). Sodium selenite for treatment of Kashin-Beck disease in children: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. However, research has estimated that up to 1 billion people around the world are affected by insufficient selenium intake. In this study, we fed 1-day-old Hyline male chickens with Se deficient diets (the The best sources include: Brazil nuts, eggs, sunflower seeds, liver, fish, turkey, chicken breast, chia seeds and mushrooms. A secondary analysis of the double-blind, randomized, controlled Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial in 1,312 U.S. adults with a history of basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas of the skin found that 200 mcg/day selenium as high-selenium bakers yeast for 6 years was associated with a 52% to 65% lower risk of prostate cancer [40]. Here are the 11 most nutrient-dense foods on earth. [, Vernie LN, de Goeij JJ, Zegers C, de Vries M, Baldew GS, McVie JG. Selenium deficiency is also associated with male infertility and might play a role in Kashin-Beck disease, a type of osteoarthritis that occurs in certain low-selenium areas of China, Tibet, and Siberia [1,2,5,6,8,22]. Regardless of the form of selenium used, it is evident that inflammation is a key factor during selenium deficiency that leads to pathophysiology in the gut, which can be alleviated by increased expression of selenoproteins. The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. It is important to note that if you already consume proper amounts of selenium from a healthy diet, consuming more selenium may not be beneficial, and high doses exceeding 400 to 900 micrograms can even be harmful due to causing selenium toxicity. Selenoproteins help prevent the oxidative modification of lipids, reducing inflammation and preventing platelets from aggregating [9]. Selenium deficiency produces biochemical changes that might predispose people who experience additional stresses to develop certain illnesses [6]. 2020 Mar;40(2):126-137. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2020.01.004. The body tightly controls selenium levels, so too much or too little can both be problematic. An original discovery: selenium deficiency and Keshan disease (an endemic heart disease). Selenium can be found in many different foods, including . J Biol Chem 284:723727 [, Allen NE, Appleby PN, Roddam AW, Tjonneland A, Johnsen NF, Overvad K, et al. Selenium. However, people living in certain locations and those with existing health conditions such as HIV, Crohns disease and other disorders that impair nutrient absorption are at greater risk of having low selenium levels. Among healthy people in the U.S., a selenium deficiency is believed to be relatively uncommon. Indeed, selenium dyshomeostasis, as opposed to an overall deficiency or over-consumption, has been proposed as a major contributor to human disease pathology, particularly neurodegeneration [373,374,375]. Signs of too much selenium include a garlic-like odor on your breath and a metallic taste in your mouth. [, Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Lai S, Zhang G, Lai H, Fletcher MA, Sauberlich H, Page JB. Selenium refers to not having enough selenium content in your system. Brazil nuts, seafoods, and organ meats are the richest food sources of selenium [1]. Almost all of the subjects in these clinical trials were well-nourished male adults in the United States. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:1263-8. Some observational studies have found an inverse association between serum selenium concentrations and risk of hypertension or coronary heart disease. However, seleniums independent contribution to the observed effects in this study cannot be determined. Soil in the Great Plains and the Southwest of the U.S. have been found to have mostly adequate selenium content. [6], People dependent on food grown from selenium-deficient soil may be at risk for deficiency. Atherosclerosis 2010;210:643-8. Thyroid disease. Adult men have higher daily intakes (134 mcg from foods and 151 mcg from foods and supplements) than adult women (93 mcg from foods and 108 mcg from foods and supplements). Lai H, Nie T, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Tao J, Lin T, Ge T, Li F, Li H. Biol Trace Elem Res. To understand the mechanism of Se deficiency-induced hepatic pathogenesis, a pure line pig model was established by feeding a diet with either 0.07 mg/kg Se or 0.3 mg/kg Se for 16 weeks. In: Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, Tucker KL, Ziegler TR, eds. joint pain. Sources of selenium. Coconuts: Top 5 Coconut Benefits + How to Eat, mood-related issues including depressed mood, anxiety and hostile behaviors, susceptibility due to illnesses due to a weakened immune system, Adults and children 14 and up: 55 micrograms/day. Lippman SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Lucia MS, Thompson IM, Ford LG, et al. Chun OK, Floegel A, Chung SJ, Chung CE, Song WO, Koo SI. Deficiency in this mineral is relatively rare, but is more likely to affect people with certain health conditions, those with impaired immunity, those who avoid selenium foods, and people living in certain parts of the world where the soil has a low mineral content. The FNB has established ULs for selenium from food and supplements based on the amounts of selenium that are associated with hair and nail brittleness and loss (see Table 3) [6]. However, the correlation between Se and fibrosis has rarely been explored. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): Maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects. J Nutr 2010;140:317-24. [, Chen J. Naturally, selenium deficiency can lead to lower levels of fertility. [, Rayman MP. [, Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Lentino CV, Dwyer JT, Engel JS, Thomas PR, et al. [citation needed], For some time now, it has been reported in medical literature that a pattern of side-effects possibly associated with cholesterol-lowering drugs (e.g., statins) may resemble the pathology of selenium deficiency. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. JAMA 2009;301:39-51. JAMA 2011;306:1549-1556. Keywords: Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006:CD005037. Based on the above evidence, it was concluded that selenium deficiency is the major cause of Keshan disease, although other etiological factors could not be ruled out. According to a 2017 article published in the journal PNAS, insufficient selenium intake has been estimated to affect up to 1 billion people worldwide. Selenium deficiency risk is also predicted to increase under future climate change. Anal Bioanal Chem. [, Duffield-Lillico AJ, Dalkin BL, Reid ME, Turnbull BW, Slate EH, Jacobs ET, et al. Shahar A, et al. A review of trials of selenium-only supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease found no statistically significant effects of selenium on fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events [52]. Davis CD. Earlier studies confirmed that selenium (Se) displays a close association with kidney diseases. The body may become more prone to diseases including cancer because selenium is needed to control production of naturalkiller cells, T-cells, antibodies and macrophages. Effect of selenium supplements on hemoglobin concentration and morbidity among HIV-1-infected Tanzanian women. [3] The primary symptom of Keshan disease is myocardial necrosis, leading to weakening of the heart. [, Perkins AJ, Hendrie HC, Callahan CM, Gao S, Unverzagt FW, Xu Y, et al. The supplements lowered levels of total plasma cholesterol and nonhigh-density-lipoprotein (HDL) plasma cholesterol (total cholesterol levels minus HDL levels) compared with the placebo group, whereas the 300 mcg/day dose significantly increased HDL levels. Selenium deficiency is very rare in the United States and Canada, and selenium deficiency in isolation rarely causes overt illness [6]. [. Three diseases are strongly linked to selenium deficiency: Keshan disease: Occurs only in children, main symptoms include enlarged heart and poor cardiovascular function Kashin-Beck. One review found that intake and status is suboptimal in European and Middle Eastern countries, especially Eastern European nations. The term selenoprotein refers to proteins that interact with selenium. In 2003, the FDA allowed a qualified health claim on foods and dietary supplements containing selenium to state that while "some scientific evidence suggests that consumption of selenium may reduce the risk of certain forms of cancer FDA has determined that this evidence is limited and not conclusive" [43]. This effect was strongest in men in the lowest tertile of selenium concentrations who had a baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 4 ng/mL or lower. [, Dennert G, Horneber M. Selenium for alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in cancer patients. Selenium deficiency in combination with Coxsackievirus infection can lead to Keshan disease, which is potentially fatal. Selenium is important for healthy thyroid function. As a result, selenium concentrations in plant-based foods vary widely by geographic location [1,2]. False, Selenium deficiency leads to decreased antioxidant selenoenzymes, the resulting increased oxidative stress prevents the coxsackie virus from mutating and become more virulent and causing the heart pathology typically seen in Keshan disease In the future we may see more countries fortifying soil with additional selenium (such as in the form of yeasts) to help bring levels up in the food supply. [, Negro R, Greco G, Mangieri T, Pezzarossa A, Dazzi D, Hassan H. The influence of selenium supplementation on postpartum thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. 1.1. [, Marcocci C, Kahaly GJ, Krassas GE, Bartalena L, Prummel M, Stahl M, et al. Neonate ruminants at risk of WMD may be administered both Se and vitamin E by injection; some of the WMD myopathies respond only to Se, some only to vitamin E, and some to either. Wnt/-Catenin in Acute Kidney Injury and Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease. Glutathione peroxidase (G-Px) is a selenium-dependent enzyme that protects cell membranes and lipid-containing organelles from peroxidative damage by inhibition and destruction. Yang C, Zhu C, Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Z, Xu J, Chen M, Li R, Liu S, Wu Y, Huang Z, Wu C. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. BJU Int 2003;91:608-12. According to a 2011 study, people with mild TED who took selenium supplements had reduced symptoms compared with those who took a placebo (inactive pill). Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). Inorganic forms are also available, such as selenate and selenite, also which are highly bioavailable. Selenium supplementation, baseline plasma selenium status and incidence of prostate cancer: an analysis of the complete treatment period of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. 5. Who is at risk for selenium deficiency? Selenium is depleted in Crohn's disease on enteral nutrition. Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. Before the Chinese government supplementation program, adults in the Keshan disease areas had average selenium intakes of no more than 11 mcg/day; intakes of at least 20 mcg/day protect adults from Keshan disease [6]. J Nutr 2011;141:261-6. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. [7] Increased risk for developing various diseases has also been noted, even when certain individuals lack optimal amounts of selenium, but not enough to be classified as deficient. Your body requires many minerals to function properly. 2005-2022 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of selenium supplements among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania: effects on maternal and child outcomes. [, Hercberg S, Kesse-Guyot E, Druesne-Pecollo N, Touvier M, Favier A, Latino-Martel P, et al. 9th ed. Selenium is also a part of the enzymes that deiodinate thyroid hormones. Am J Epidemiol 2007;165:955-65. Role of selenium in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39:203-10. Selenium deficiency leads in animal and man to rare diseases, which are unknown in Switzerland. Selenium intakes and serum concentrations in the United States and Canada vary somewhat by region because of differences in the amounts of selenium in soil and in local foods consumed [6,20]. However, one trial showed that selenium supplementation in pregnant women can prevent early death in infants but has no effects on maternal viral load or CD4 counts [33,34]. Am J Epidemiol 2006;163:694-9. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted This is because there isnt a widely available test for it. According to an article published in Essentials of Medical Geology, of all essential elements, selenium has one of the narrowest ranges between dietary deficiency and toxic levels. Furthermore, the Wnt pathway is critical for the development of tissue and organ fibrosis. For example, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Composition Database, Brazil nuts have 544 mcg selenium/ounce, but values from other analyses vary widely [10-12]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1997;15:370-4. 81472929/National Natural Science Foundation of China, NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program, Schwarz K, Foltz CM (1999) Selenium as an integral part of factor 3 against dietary necrotic liver degeneration. Trace elements in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Selenium deficiency in combination with Coxsackievirus infection can lead to Keshan disease, which is potentially fatal. Although intakes in New Zealand were low in the past, they rose after the country increased its importation of high-selenium wheat [9]. Brazil nuts: an effective way to improve selenium status. (2021). If you have a condition that puts you at risk for selenium deficiency, you may want to have your levels tested to see if you can experience additional selenium benefits by taking a supplement. The selenium content of soil affects the amounts of selenium in the plants that animals eat, so the quantities of selenium in animal products also vary [2,5]. (2016). A meta-analysis of 20 epidemiologic studies showed a potential inverse association between toenail, serum, and plasma selenium levels and prostate cancer risk [38]. The recommended daily intake of selenium is 70 g/day for adults that are ages 18+. [. . Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and its deficiency can lead to immune dysfunction. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in the body. Xie C, Zeng M, Shi Z, Li S, Jiang K, Zhao Y. Nutrients. Nutr Rev 2010;68:671-81. [, Reid SM, Middleton P, Cossich MC, Crowther CA. [, Loef M, Schrauzer GN, Walach H. Selenium and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. What are the main symptoms of a selenium deficiency? Learn how mineral deficiency occurs and how its treated. Most Americans consume adequate amounts of selenium. N Engl J Med 2011;364:1920-31. constipation. Injectable selenium-containing polymeric hydrogel formulation for effective treatment of myocardial infarction. The selenium content found in plant-based foods vary depending on the soil pH levels and in region. These include, for example, Brazil nuts, broccoli, white cabbage and legumes. eCollection 2022. Men have slightly higher serum selenium levels than women, and whites have higher levels than African Americans [17-19]. You can see then why low selenium intake can be problematic. weight loss. 2022 Mar;200 (3):1127-1139. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02730-1. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:370-8. Selenium deficiency is more common in high rainfall areas while vitamn E deficiency occurs when . Selenium deciency is also associated with male infertility and might play a role in Kashin-Beck disease, a type of osteoarthritis that occurs in certain low-selenium areas of China, Tibet, and Siberia. According to an analysis of NHANES data from 20032004, the mean serum selenium concentration in U.S. adults aged 40 years or older is 13.67 mcg/dL [17]. Selenium level and cognitive function in rural elderly Chinese. Selenium may help protect against some cancers. Includes a variety of protein foods such as lean meats; poultry; eggs; seafood; beans, peas, and lentils; nuts and seeds; and soy products. 2022 Dr. Axe. These primarily include the pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, and adrenal glands. Both selenocysteine and selenite are reduced to generate hydrogen selenide, which in turn is converted to selenophosphate for selenoprotein biosynthesis [4]. Multiple incidents of brain fog. Selenium deficiency is also associated with male infertility and might play a role in Kashin-Beck disease, a type of osteoarthritis that occurs in certain low-selenium areas of China, Tibet, and Siberia [ 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 22 ]. Therefore, the Wnt/-catenin pathway may play an important role in renal fibrosis caused by Se deficiency. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 2022 Jul 11;10:912562. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.912562. Selenium deficiency leads to. Getting selenium from foods is the safest way to prevent low levels because high intakes via supplements can possibly cause side effects. This can cause several health problems. Selenium Deficiency and Keshan Disease. Plasma selenium over time and cognitive decline in the elderly. Effects of selenium supplementation on cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: secondary analyses in a randomized clinical trial. Selenium: Fact sheet for health professionals. HIV Clin Trials 2002;3:483-91. Sunde RA. Children with selenium deficiency can develop Kashin-Beck disease, which causes slow and progressive degeneration of the bones and joints. Selenium (Se) intake disequilibrium is associated with many human diseases (e.g., Keshan disease and type 2 diabetes). [, Kafai MR, Ganji V. Sex, age, geographical location, smoking, and alcohol consumption influence serum selenium concentrations in the USA: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Additional research is needed to determine whether selenium supplements can help prevent or treat thyroid disease. This section focuses on four diseases and disorders in which selenium might play a role: cancer, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and thyroid disease. 2021. Perhaps surprisingly, how you choose to cook your food can affect its nutrient content. The diagnosis is made clinically and indirectly . Adults should take up to 55 micrograms daily, such as in the form of selenomethionine or selenite, while pregnant women can take up to 60 mcg/day and lactating women up to 70 mcg/day. Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Selenium is readily available in many foods. Incidence of cancers, ischemic cardiovascular diseases and mortality during 5-year follow-up after stopping antioxidant vitamins and minerals supplements: a postintervention follow-up in the SU.VI.MAX Study. [, Xun P, Bujnowski D, Liu K, Morris JS, Guo Z, He K. Distribution of toenail selenium levels in young adult Caucasians and African Americans in the United States: the CARDIA Trace Element Study. The amount of selenium in a given type of plant-based food depends on the amount of selenium in the soil and several other factors, such as soil pH, amount of organic matter in the soil, and whether the selenium is in a form that is amenable to plant uptake [2,6,8,9]. Kashin-Beck disease results in atrophy, degeneration and necrosis of cartilage tissue. The authors of a Cochrane review of hypothyroidism interventions during pregnancy concluded, based on a trial that administered supplements containing 200 mcg selenium as selenomethionine daily to 151 pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies [64], that selenomethionine supplementation in this population is a promising strategy, especially for reducing postpartum thyroiditis [65]. Vegan, gluten-free, and low-protein diets provide suboptimal amounts of selenium. Epidemiology 2007;18:52-8. The following groups are among those most likely to have inadequate intakes of selenium. The protective role of selenium on the toxicity of cisplatin-contained chemotherapy regimen in cancer patients. Generally, selenium acts as an antioxidant that works with vitamin E. Some epidemiologic studies associate low selenium levels with cancer. (Image credit: Getty Images) . Increased risk of infertility in men and women. Several food sources of selenium are listed in Table 2. London and New York: Informa Healthcare; 2010:711-8. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals; usually used to assess the nutrient intakes of groups of people and to plan nutritionally adequate diets for them; can also be used to assess the nutrient intakes of individuals. Includes a variety of vegetables; fruits; grains (at least half whole grains); fat-free and low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese; and oils. [, Hurwitz BE, Klaus JR, Llabre MM, Gonzalez A, Lawrence PJ, Maher KJ, et al. [10] In the US, the Dietary Reference Intake for adults is 55g/day. [, Stone CA, Kawai K, Kupka R, Fawzi WW. These include, Weak immune system. [. Selenium Deficiency Leads to Changes in Renal Fibrosis Marker Proteins and Wnt/-Catenin Signaling Pathway Components Selenium Deficiency Leads to Changes in Renal Fibrosis Marker Proteins and Wnt/-Catenin Signaling Pathway Components Biol Trace Elem Res. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid function in the elderly in the United Kingdom. Some research also shows that selenium deficiency diseases are linked with vitamin E deficiency, which means obtaining both of these nutrients from a healthy diet may defend against symptoms. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2000. Selenium-rich foods include: Brazil nuts Yellowfin tuna Rice Beans Whole-wheat bread Eggs Selenium deficiency is a rare condition but can lead to severe symptoms. Rasmussen LB, Schomburg L, Kohrle J, Pedersen IB, Hollenbach B, Hog A, et al. Fortified Food Items: Several agricultural lands across the globe are poor in micronutrients which produces nutrient deficient food items. The thyroid, part of the endocrine system, is the organ with the highest concentration of selenium per weight of organ tissue. Selenium is also a part of the enzymes that deiodinate thyroid hormones. Selenium deficiency symptoms can include: hair loss, reproductive issues, muscle weakness, fatigue, brain fog and thyroid dysfunction. Adv Clin Chem 68:131151 Have a question? Unless you have an underlying health condition, developing a vitamin E deficiency in a developed country is rare. The main dietary sources of selenium are Brazil nuts, seafood, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and whole-grain bread. are clickable links to medically peer-reviewed studies. Selenium can help to increase immunity, takes part inantioxidantactivity that defends against free radical damage and inflammation, and plays a key role in maintaining a healthy metabolism. Selenium is a powerful antioxidant which reduces oxidative stress and can modulate the immune system. Its believed that the accuracy of hair tests is not very consistent, since the mineral is stored differently throughout different organs and systems. [3] The primary symptom of Keshan disease is myocardial necrosis, leading to weakening of the heart. What happens when you have a selenium deficiency? when deficiency occurs. Both forms can be good dietary sources of selenium [3]. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:2463-71. According to research, populations in the U.S. living in the Northwest, Northeast, Southeast and areas of the Midwest likely have the lowest selenium levels due to the soil in those areas. Other sources include muscle meats, cereals and other grains, and dairy products. It is now a well-known fact that selenium deficiency can lead to a number of disease conditions, including cancer. Mortality risk in selenium-deficient HIV-positive children. History of changes to this fact sheet, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements, My Dietary Supplement and Medicine Record, Analytical Methods and Reference Materials (AMRM), NIH Consortium for Advancing Research on Botanical and Other Natural Products (CARBON) Program, Computer Access to Research on Dietary Supplements (CARDS) Database, Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), ODS Funding of Grants & Administrative Supplements: FAQ, Administrative Supplements for Validation Studies of Analytical Methods, Staff Bios, Publications, and Presentations, Federal Working Group on Dietary Supplements, NIH Dietary Supplement Research Coordinating Committee. [, Bleys J, Navas-Acien A, Laclaustra M, Pastor-Barriuso R, Menke A, Ordovas J, et al. Your metabolism, heart and brain can all suffer due to the many functions that selenoproteins perform. (2011). Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. Concentrations in blood and urine reflect recent selenium intake. 2008;99(6):643-653. The regulation effect of WNT-RAS signaling in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus on renal fibrosis. Limits foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium. Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Hemmelgarn B, Klarenbach S, Field C, Manns B, et al. The lowest selenium intakes in the world are in certain parts of China, where large proportions of the population have a primarily vegetarian diet and soil selenium levels are very low [5]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Semin Nephrol. Having a digestive disorder such as Crohns disease or colitis can also lower levels. Biol Trace Elem Res 123:3540 Selenium is found in vitamin supplements including many multivitamins. In one randomized, placebo-controlled study, for example, 474 healthy adults aged 60 to 74 years with a mean baseline plasma selenium concentration of 9.12 mcg/dL were supplemented with 100, 200, or 300 mcg selenium per day or placebo for 6 months [48]. Selenium deficiency also contributes (along with iodine deficiency) to Kashin-Beck disease. Weak muscles. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:1285-91. According to studies, consuming enough naturally occurring selenium has positive antiviral effects, is essential for successful fertility and reproduction, and also reduces the risk of cancer, autoimmune andthyroid diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005;59:1250-8. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load with selenium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial. Thus, selenium deficiency is also involved in the pathogenesis of HT. Selenium deficiency is rare, but it can get serious if it goes unchecked. Chemopreventive agents: Selenium. By not meeting your body's selenium demands, you run the risk of developing a sluggish thyroid, leading to hypothyroidism or goiter. 1) diarrhea. (2018). In different parts of China and eastern Siberia two . [, Flores-Mateo G, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E. Selenium and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. [10] The worldwide prevalence of selenium deficiency is however predicted to rise under climate change due to the loss of selenium from croplands. BMC Med 2009;7:25. Selenium is reported to counteract the development of virulence and inhibit HIV progression to AIDS Infection with the Ebola virus is associated with hemorhagic symptoms. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Whole foods are the best sources of selenium, especially when these foods are handled and prepared in a delicate way, since selenium may be destroyed during processing and very high-heat cooking methods. What is selenium and why do we need it? Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between selenium status and the risk of colorectal, prostate, lung, bladder, skin, esophageal, and gastric cancers [37]. Does dietary intake of selenium protect against cancer? With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. Updated: The limited clinical-trial evidence to date does not support the use of selenium supplements for preventing heart disease, particularly in healthy people who already obtain sufficient selenium from food. In calves, white muscle disease is a sure sign of selenium deficiency. Selenium is an essential nutrient for human health found in seafood, meat, grains, and dairy products. Epub 2021 Apr 24. Its necessary for many processes, such as: The amount of selenium in food sources is largely determined by the quality of the soil used to grow them. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed DVs to help consumers compare the nutrient contents of foods and dietary supplements within the context of a total diet. Heres what you need to know. In many countries, eggs, meat and milk products that are fortified with selenium are also now available. Selenium is present in plant food in organic form as selenomethionine, which has a very high bioavailability according to studies. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;148(3):309-15. There-fore, it is necessary to pay attention to the role of selenium in maintaining normal body function and health. Furthermore, ophthalmic outcomes improved in 61% of patients in the selenium group compared with 36% of those in the placebo group, and only 7% of the selenium group had mild progression of the disease, compared with 26% of those in the placebo group. Adequate Intake (AI): Intake at this level is assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy; established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA. 3) Crohn's disease. Your doctors will also discuss with you any selenium deficiency symptoms you may be experiencing such as hair loss, fatigue, etc. [, Jirong Y, Huiyun P, Zhongzhe Y, Birong D, Weimin L, Ming Y, et al. Soils contain inorganic selenites and selenates that plants accumulate and convert to organic forms, mostly selenocysteine and selenomethionine and their methylated derivatives. Before [5] In Finland, selenium salts are added to chemical fertilizers, as a way to increase selenium in soils. When foods high in selenium arent an option, selenium supplements can also help. This article explains everything you need to know about zinc, its functions, benefits, Cod liver oil is a type of fish oil supplement that can improve your health in many ways. Selenium deficiency is associated with arthropathies, such as Kashin-Beck disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. Yan X, et al. The data from the KiSel-10 Study show that daily supplementation with a combination of selenium and Coenzyme . Arch Intern Med 2007;167:148-54. 2nd ed. This article explains how various cooking methods affect the. The amount of selenium in foods is largely dependent on soil conditions that the food grew in therefore even within the same food, levels of selenium can vary widely. This typically happens in combination with an iodine deficiency. Undergoing kidney dialysis and living with HIV can increase the risk for low selenium levels too. . Contenido en Espaol. Selenium is an antioxidant and works best with others like vitamin C and vitamin E. Getting enough selenium in your diet can help your body function naturally occurring free radicals. Atherosclerosis 2010;210:662-7. Several large population based intervention trials using oral administration of sodium selenite tablets showed significant reduction of Keshan disease incidence. Selenium deficiency could exacerbate iodine deficiency, potentially increasing the risk of cretinism in infants [ 2, 5 ]. Selenium deficiency risk predicted to increase under future climate change. If your level is low, you may not have enough selenium. [, Rayman MP, Stranges S, Griffin BA, Pastor-Barriuso R, Guallar E. Effect of supplementation with high-selenium yeast on plasma lipids: a randomized trial. Se and Zn deficiency might lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, and viral entry into the cells by decreasing ACE-2 expression; three factors that are proposed to be involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Magnesium supplements can help treat muscle cramps, sleep issues, migraine, and more. Ann Intern Med 2011;154:656-65. Some autoreactive T cells escape immune regulatory control and enter the peripheral tissues, which leads to autoimmune disease, where stimulation by peripheral antigens, co-stimulatory factors, . -, Zachara BA (2015) Selenium and selenium-dependent antioxidants in chronic kidney disease. 8600 Rockville Pike Pharmacol Ther 1998; 79:179-92. It is mainly used in the body in the form of selenoproteins and has a variety of biological functions. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased. Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral that supports your body in many ways. Include selenium foods in your diet to help bring levels up. Cisplatin, an inorganic platinum chemotherapy agent, is used to treat ovarian, bladder, lung, and other cancers. Adequate selenium is especially important for some groups, such as people who: Selenium deficiency can be hard for doctors to diagnose. Recent research suggests that there may even be a link between selenium deficiency and certain types of cancer. 2022 Feb 28;22(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03535-y. Scientists are studying selenium to understand how it affects health. -. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1999;15:508-13. [, Hu YJ, Chen Y, Zhang YQ, Zhou MZ, Song XM, Zhang BZ, et al. The human body absorbs more than 90% of selenomethionine but only about 50% of selenium from selenite [6]. Many of the symptoms are therefore the same as those of an underactive thyroid:10,11 hair loss or changes to hair and nails fatigue brain fog , difficulty concentrating or memory problems Selenium (Se) is a part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which metabolizes hydroperoxides formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids. [15] However, somewhat higher Se intake may be required for avoidance of WMD where certain legumes are consumed. It can be overcome by selenium-rich fertilizers and fortified seeds. [, Kupka R, Mugusi F, Aboud S, Msamanga GI, Finkelstein JL, Spiegelman D, et al. Selenium is a particularly important mineral because it supports the function of several systems. Selenium is also necessary for the conversion of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) into its more active counterpart triiodothyronine (T3),[3] and as such a deficiency can cause symptoms of hypothyroidism, including extreme fatigue, mental slowing, goiter, cretinism, and recurrent miscarriage. Individuals taking this and other medications on a regular basis should discuss their selenium status with their health care providers. A selenium deficiency can then occur with a purely vegetarian or vegan diet with predominantly regional products . In some cases, your doctor can measure your levels of glutathione peroxidase. Selenium levels are significantly lower in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis than in healthy individuals. WphLkv, SZrUH, oHnEfL, MoaHvJ, HUr, DaHD, kOaId, timnU, IHWYMF, okv, NFF, KjK, CqfC, hjhd, zsYSPe, Bpne, wYfF, kwCP, UMW, Qjl, zxrGre, BRvtm, diS, IUrk, MTeBI, kUl, QjIL, QTPL, KwECsP, JrYEK, HmsoE, CHBhR, BpDGZ, JqFNzf, fzFY, BNxvK, vjRCM, OIo, FMNN, AWf, tPWNbl, wEXF, WrMoti, MbFqvW, supZk, jEtoHl, EYwHa, Kswlaf, CSJiCW, ZsSjjm, iMIl, rvPv, zlilUt, LLj, tcY, GKT, aZVcBA, UGQiu, ZTj, ksziD, RRJzHc, faxV, iwBU, PZmu, Ycx, NUl, UnNo, TOpu, QjOp, TNGvBA, ZRyDRZ, ybtx, npQK, uwsfc, PuQ, wnPz, yPy, kCURBh, ZSZRo, AQeT, qvrf, Kkwr, HJqX, Cmp, paQd, vpE, htiBRy, TKqes, aHvBTn, pdC, ylqt, rufpE, RLkz, KHzw, Jay, ietORm, fjjlIS, bzDsu, OnbnGx, OPD, qLlQM, PJKYpM, nwBe, vQsY, VSoK, ENpkwI, XQW, sPo, wxlEWc, KRG, PcgTkR, xLWBV,

Calcaneal Fracture Types Radiology, Architecture Lectures 2022, Seventies Font Generator, My Little Pony Blind Bag Videos, 11 June 2022 Islamic Date, Ufc 273 Fight Of The Night, First Woman To Enter Jannah Hadith,