sql select random rows postgresql

In response to @Vrace's benchmarking, I did some testing. This serves as a much better solution and is faster than its predecessors. You must have guessed from the name that this would tend to work on returning random, unplanned rows or uncalled for. Finally, select the first row with ID greater or equal that random value. (See SELECT List below.) This table has a lot af products from many stores. At the moment I'm returning a couple of hundred rows into a perl hash . 0.6 - 0.7ms). How to use a VPN to access a Russian website that is banned in the EU? I can write for you some sample queries for understanding the mechanism. The CTE in the query above is just for educational purposes: Especially if you are not so sure about gaps and estimates. From time to time, this multi-millisecond result can occur twice or even three times in a row, but, as I said, the majority of results (approx. We hope you have now understood the different approaches we can take to find the random rows from a table in PostgreSQL. Does integrating PDOS give total charge of a system? Get Random percentage of rows from a table in postresql. The most interesting query was this however: where I compare dupes in both runs of 100,000 with respect to each other - the answer is a whopping 11,250 (> 10%) are the same - which for a sample of 1 thousandth (1/1000) is WAY to much to be down to chance! The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. We will get a final result with all different values and lesser gaps. About 2 rows per page. Good answers are provided by (yet again) Erwin Brandstetter here and Evan Carroll here. This can be very efficient, (1.xxx ms), but seems to vary more than just the seq = formulation - but once the cache appears to be warmed up, it regularly gives response times of ~ 1.5ms. How do I get PostgreSQL FDW to push down the LIMIT to the (single) backend server? So the resultant table will be with random 70 % rows. Execute above query once and write the result to a table. SELECT *. Either it is very bloated, or the rows themselves are very wide. You can even define a seed for your SAMPLING query, such as follows, for a much different random sampling than when none is provided. It's very fast, but the result is not exactly random. Then I added a PRIMARY KEY: Notice that I have used a slightly modified command so that I could "see" the randomness - I also set the \timing command so that I could get empirical measurements. Add explain plan in front of the quuery and check how it would be executed. Ordered rows may be the same in different conditions, but there will never be an empty result. Then you add the other range-or-inequality and the id column to the end, so that an index-only scan can be used. FROM Table_Name ORDER BY RAND () LIMIT 1 col_1 : Column 1 col_2 : Column 2 2. There are a lot of ways to select a random record or row from a database table. All tests were run using PostgreSQL 12.1. Multiple random records (not in the question - see reference and discussion at bottom). Based on the EXPLAIN plan, your table is large. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. All Rights Reserved. SELECT column, RAND () as IDX. For a really large table you'd probably want to use tablesample system. You have a numeric ID column (integer numbers) with only few (or moderately few) gaps. Format specifier for integer variables in format() for EXECUTE? Rather unwanted values may be returned, and there would be no similar values present in the table, leading to empty results. Below are two output results of querying this on the DOGGY table. Saved by Using FLOOR will return the floor value of decimal and then use it to obtain the rows from the DOGGY table. Obviously no or few write operations. Then after each run, I queried my rand_samp table: For TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM_ROWS, I got 258, 63, 44 dupes, all with a count of 2. None of the response times for my solution that I have seen has been in excess of 75ms. You can retrieve random rows from all columns of a table using the (*). The plan is to then assign each row to a variable for its respective category. The key to getting good performance is probably to get it to use an index-only scan, by creating an index which contains all 4 columns referenced in your query. Here is a sample of records returned: So, as you can see, the LENGTH() function returns 6 most of the time - this is to be expected as most records will be between 10,000,000 and 100,000,000, but there are a couple which show a value of 5 (also have seen values of 3 & 4 - data not shown). Books that explain fundamental chess concepts. Here are the results for the first 3 iterations using SYSTEM. #querying-data, #sql Then generate a random number between these two values. If you want to select a random row with MY SQL: SELECT column FROM table ORDER BY RAND ( ) LIMIT 1 While the version on DB Fiddle seemed to run fast, I also had problems with Postgres 12.1 running locally. Because in many cases, RANDOM() may tend to provide a value that may not be less or more than a pre-defined number or meet a certain condition for any row. Here N specifies the number of random rows, you want to fetch. For TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM_TIME, I got 46, 54 and 62, again all with a count of 2. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. rev2022.12.9.43105. Finally, a GRAPHIC demonstration of the problem associated with using this solution for more than one record is shown below - taking a sample of 25 records (performed several times - typical run shown). Then we can write a query using our random function. You have "few gaps", so add 10 % (enough to easily cover the blanks) to the number of rows to retrieve. Basically, this problem can be divided into two main streams. This is completely worthless. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device.We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development.An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. 25 milliseconds. Best way to select random rows PostgreSQL - Stack Overflow PostgreSQL: Documentation: 13: 70.1. That's why I started hunting for more efficient methods. Our short data table DOGGY uses BERNOULLI rather than SYSTEM; however, it tends to exactly do what we desire. If you want select a random record in MY SQL: (this is now redundant in the light of the benchmarking performed above). Selecting random rows from table in MySQL. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. 1 in 3/4) run taking approx. An extension of TSM_SYSTEM_ROWS may also be able to achieve random samples if somehow it ends up clustering. Debian/Ubuntu - Is there a man page listing all the version codenames/numbers? ORDER BY IDX FETCH FIRST 1 ROWS ONLY. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. I have done some further testing and this answer is indeed slow for larger data sets (>1M). You may need to first do a SELECT COUNT(*) to figure out the value of N. Consider a table of 2 rows; random()*N generates 0 <= x < 2 and for example SELECT myid FROM mytable OFFSET 1.7 LIMIT 1; returns 0 rows because of implicit rounding to nearest int. During my research I also discovered the tsm_system_time extension which is similar to tsm_system_rows. Using the operators UNION , INTERSECT, and EXCEPT, the output of more than one SELECT statement can be combined to form a single result set. PostgreSQL INSERT INTO 4 million rows takes forever. Now, for your little preference, I don't know your detailed business logic and condition statements which you want to set to randomizing. Are defenders behind an arrow slit attackable? Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. People recommended: While fast, it also provides worthless randomness. RANDOM() tends to be a function that returns a random value in the range defined; 0.0 <= x < 1.0. This will use the index. It can be used in online exam to display the random questions. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. - Stack Overflow, How do I get the current unix timestamp from PostgreSQL? This tends to be the simplest method of querying random rows from the PostgreSQL table. FROM table. Where the argument is the percentage of the table you want to return, this subset of the table returned is entirely random and varies. A query that you can use to get random rows from a table is presented as follows. central limit theorem replacing radical n with n. A small bolt/nut came off my mtn bike while washing it, can someone help me identify it? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. If lets say that in a table of 5 million, you were to add each row and then count it, with 5 seconds for 1 million rows, youd end up consuming 25 seconds just for the COUNT to complete. Duplicates are eliminated by the UNION in the rCTE. And why do the "TABLESAMPLE" versions just grab the same stupid records all the time? Who would ever want to use this "BERNOULLI" stuff when it just picks the same few records over and over? Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? There are many different ways to select random record or row from a database table. Generate random numbers in the id space. How does the Chameleon's Arcane/Divine focus interact with magic item crafting? ORDER BY clause in the query is used to order the row (s) randomly. The actual output rows are computed using the SELECT output expressions for each selected row or row group. Just as with SYSTEM_ROWS, these give sequential values of the PRIMARY KEY. How can I do that? SQL SELECT RANDOM () function is used to select random rows from the result set. It executes the UNION query and returns a TABLE with the LIMIT provided in our parameter. But, using this method our query performance will be very bad for large size tables (over 100 million data). Get Random percentage of rows from a table in postresql. Each id can be picked multiple times by chance (though very unlikely with a big id space), so group the generated numbers (or use DISTINCT). We will use SYSTEM first. Example: This query I tested on the table has 150 million data and gets the best performance, Duration 12 ms. (See SELECT List below.) RANDOM () Function in postgresql generate random numbers . Sample query: In this query this (extract(day from (now()-action_date))) as dif_days query will returned difference between action_date and today. This article from 2ndQuadrant shows why this shouldn't be a problem for a sample of one record! thumb_up. For example, for a table with 10K rows you'd do select something from table10k tablesample bernoulli (0.02) limit 1. | TablePlus, PostgreSQL - DATEDIFF - Datetime Difference in Seconds, Days, Months, Weeks etc - SQLines, SQL Optimizations in PostgreSQL: IN vs EXISTS vs ANY/ALL vs JOIN, Quick and best way to Compare Two Tables in SQL - DWgeek.com, sql - Best way to select random rows PostgreSQL - Stack Overflow, PostgreSQL: Documentation: 13: 70.1. Is "TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(1)" not very random at all? A primary key serves nicely. I can't believe I'm still, after all these years, asking about grabbing a random record it's one of the most basic possible queries. How could my characters be tricked into thinking they are on Mars? So, it would appear that my solution's worst times are ~ 200 times faster than the fastest of the rest of the pack's answers (Colin 't Hart). Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Similarly, we can create a function from this query that tends to take a TABLE and values for the RANDOM SELECTION as parameters. So lets look at some ways we can implement a random row selection in PostgreSQL. RELTUPLE tends to estimate the data present in a table after being ANALYZED. Now, notice the timings. 4096/120 = 34.1333 - I hardly think that each index entry for this table takes 14 bytes - so where the 120 comes from, I'm not sure. What is the actual command to use for grabbing a random record from a table in PG which isn't so slow that it takes several full seconds for a decent-sized table? Each database server needs different SQL syntax. On a short note, TABLESAMPLE can have two different sampling_methods; BERNOULLI and SYSTEM. I have a table "products" with a column called "store_id". . To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Should I give a brutally honest feedback on course evaluations? Why does it have to grab EVERY record and then sort them (in the first case)? Why is this usage of "I've to work" so awkward? Our sister site, StackOverflow, treated this very issue here. - Stack Overflow, Copying Data Between Tables in a Postgres Database, php - How to remove all numbers from string? Hence we can see how different results are obtained. I created a sample table for testing our queries. RANDOM() Function in postgresql generate random numbers . The same caveat about not being sure whether there is an element of non-randomness introduced by how these extensions choose their first record also applies to the tsm_system_rows queries. DataScience Made Simple 2022. 66 - 75%) are sub-millisecond. Processing the above would return different results each time. Share Now, I also benchmarked this extension as follows: Note that the time quantum is 1/1000th of a millisecond which is a microsecond - if any number lower than this is entered, no records are returned. We must write this logic manually. To get our random selection, we can call this function as follows. This argument can be any real-valued expression. The following statement returns a random number between 0 and 1. If the underlying field that one is choosing for randomness is sparse, then this method won't return a value all of the time - this may or may not be acceptable to the OP? But that's still not exactly random. AND condition = 0. One of the ways to reduce overheads is to estimate the important data inside a table much earlier rather than waiting for the execution of the main query and then using this. There's clearly (a LOT of) non-random behaviour going on. A primary key serves nicely. Another approach that might work for you if you (can) have (mostly) sequential IDs and have a primary key on that column: First find the minimum and maximum ID values. Bold emphasis mine. This uses a DOUBLE PRECISION type, and the syntax is as follows with an example. #sql, #sql ORDER BY rando. photo_camera PHOTO reply EMBED. number of rows are requested. Manage SettingsContinue with Recommended Cookies, In order to Select the random rows from postgresql we use RANDOM() function. Response time is between ~ 30 - 45ms with the odd outlier on either side of those times - it can even drop to 1.xxx ms from time to time. We will be using Student_detail table. I only discovered that this was an issue by running EXPLAIN (ANALYZE BUFFERS). Interesting question - which has many possibilities/permutations (this answer has been extensively revised). Gaps can tend to create inefficient results. Refresh your random pick at intervals or events of your choosing. On PostgreSQL, we can use random() function in the order by statement. To check out the true "randomness" of both methods, I created the following table: and also using (in the inner loop of the above function). I'm not quite sure if the LIMIT clause will always return the first tuple of the page or block - thereby introducing an element of non-randomness into the equation. The manual again: The SYSTEM method is significantly faster than the BERNOULLI methodwhen small sampling percentages are specified, but it may return aless-random sample of the table as a result of clustering effects. Designed by Colorlib. The first is 30 milliseconds (ms) but the rest are sub millisecond (approx. I your requirements allow identical sets for repeated calls (and we are talking about repeated calls) consider a MATERIALIZED VIEW. Ran 5 times - all times were over a minute - from 01:03 to 01:29, Ran 5 times - times varied between 00:06.mmm and 00:14.mmm (Best of the Rest!). It is simple yet effective. We still need relatively few gaps in the ID space or the recursion may run dry before the limit is reached - or we have to start with a large enough buffer which defies the purpose of optimizing performance. Then I added a PRIMARY KEY: ALTER TABLE rand ADD PRIMARY KEY (seq); So, now to SELECT random records: SELECT LENGTH ( (seq/100)::TEXT), seq/100::FLOAT, md5 FROM rand TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM_ROWS (1); Today in PostgreSQL, we will learn to select random rows from a table. Ran 5 times - all times were over a minute - typically 01:00.mmm (1 at 01:05.mmm). Select random rows from Postgresql In order to Select the random rows from postgresql we use RANDOM () function. Every row has a completely equal chance to be picked. Why aren't they random whatsoever? Just replace RAND ( ) with RANDOM ( ). Another advantage of this solution is that it doesn't require any special extensions which, depending on the context (consultants not being allowed install "special" tools, DBA rules) may not be available. Once ingrained into our database session, many users can easily re-use this function later. SELECT DISTINCT ON eliminates rows that match on all the specified expressions. You would need to add the extension first and then use it. Example: I am using limit 1 for selecting only one record. LIMIT 2 or 3 would be nice, considering that DOGGY contains 3 rows. We mean values not in order but are missing and not included by gaps. I decided to benchmark the other proposed solutions - using my 100 million record table from above. Your ID column has to be indexed! Hence, we can see that different random results are obtained correctly using the percentage passed in the argument. One other very easy method that can be used to get entirely random rows is to use the ORDER BY clause rather than the WHERE clause. The second time it will be 0.92; it will state default random value will change at every time. You could also try a GiST index on those same columns. CREATE TABLE rand AS SELECT generate_series (1, 100000000) AS seq, MD5 (random ()::text); So, I now have a table with 100,000,000 (100 million) records. It has two main time sinks: Putting above together gives 1min 30s that @Vrace seen in his benchmark. Help us identify new roles for community members. We will follow a simple process for a large table to be more efficient and reduce large overheads. To make it even better, you can use the LIMIT [NUMBER] clause to get the first 2,3 etc., rows from this randomly sorted table, which we desire. There is a major problem with this method however. For exclude duplicate rows you can use SELECT DISTINCT ON (prod.prod_id).You can do a subquery: Firstly I want to explain how we can select random records on a table. In the above example, when we select a random number first time value of the random number is 0.32. Results 100,000 runs for SYSTEM_TIME - 5467 dupes, 215 with 3, and 9 with 4 on the first group, 5472, 210 (3) and 12 (4) with the second. A similar state of affairs pertains in the case of the SYSTEM_TIME method. To pick a random row, see: quick random row selection in Postgres SELECT * FROM words WHERE Difficult = 'Easy' AND Category_id = 3 ORDER BY random () LIMIT 1; Since 9.5 there's also the TABLESAMPLE option; see documentation for SELECT for details on TABLESAMPLE. INSERT with dynamic table name in trigger function, Table name as a PostgreSQL function parameter, SQL injection in Postgres functions vs prepared queries. SELECT DISTINCT eliminates duplicate rows from the result. With respect to performance, just for reference, I'm using a Dell Studio 1557 with a 1TB HDD (spinning rust) and 8GB of DDR3 RAM running Fedora 31). This uses a DOUBLE PRECISION type, and the syntax is as follows with an example. Is it appropriate to ignore emails from a student asking obvious questions? But how exactly you do that should be based on a holistic view of your application, not just one query. I replaced the >= operator with an = on the round() of the sub-select. Select a random row with Microsoft SQL Server: SELECT TOP 1 column FROM table. To begin with, well use the same table, DOGGY and present different ways to reduce overheads, after which we will move to the main RANDOM selection methodology. sql - Best way to select random rows PostgreSQL - Stack Overflow. You can simplify this query. My goal is to fetch a random row from each distinct category in the table, for all the categories in the table. I used the LENGTH() function so that I could readily perceive the size of the PRIMARY KEY integer being returned. On the where clause firstly I select data that are id field values greater than the resulting randomize value. This will also use the index. In other words, it will check the TABLE for data where the RANDOM() value is less than or equal to 0.02. I suspect it's because the planner doesn't know the value coming from the sub-select, but with an = operator it should be planning to use an index scan, it seems to me? For repeated use with the same table with varying parameters: We can make this generic to work for any table with a unique integer column (typically the PK): Pass the table as polymorphic type and (optionally) the name of the PK column and use EXECUTE: About the same performance as the static version. SELECT ALL (the default) will return all candidate rows, including duplicates. #mysql, open_in_newInstructions on embedding in Medium, https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8674718/best-way-to-select-random-rows-postgresql, How to Use EXISTS, UNIQUE, DISTINCT, and OVERLAPS in SQL Statements - dummies, PostgreSQL Joins: Inner, Outer, Left, Right, Natural with Examples, PostgreSQL Joins: A Visual Explanation of PostgreSQL Joins, ( Format Dates ) The Ultimate Guide to PostgreSQL Date By Examples, PostgreSQL - How to calculate difference between two timestamps? #sql. Join the ids to the big table. However, in most cases, the results are just ordered or original versions of the table and return consistently the same tables. Short Note on Best Method Amongst the Above for Random Row Selection: The second method using the ORDER BY clause tends to be much better than the former. ORDER BY will sort the table with a condition defined in the clause in that scenario. random sampling in pandas python - random n rows, Stratified Random Sampling in R Dataframe, Tutorial on Excel Trigonometric Functions. We can work with a smaller surplus in the base query. The tsm_system_rows method will produce 25 sequential records. an wrote many logic queries (for example set more preferences using boolean fields: closed are opened and etc.). After that, you have to choose between your two range-or-inequality queried columns ("last_active" or "rating"), based on whichever you think will be more selective. Retrieve random rows only from the selected column of the table. That whole thread is worth reading in detail - since there are different definitions of random (monotonically increasing/decreasing, Pseudorandom number generators) and sampling (with or without replacement). We have used the DOGGY table, which contains a set of TAGS and OWNER_IDs. So maybe create index on app_user (country, last_active, rating, id). @mvieira How to retrieve the current dataset in a table function with RETURN QUERY, Slow access to table in postgresql despite vacuum, Recommended Database(s) for Selecting Random Rows, PostgreSQL randomising combinations with LATERAL, Performance difference in accessing differrent columns in a Postgres Table. PostgreSQL provides the random() function that returns a random number between 0 and 1. How can I get the page size of a Postgres database? So what happens if we run the above? Output: Explanation: Select any default random number by using the random function in PostgreSQL. The reason why I feel that it is best for the single record use case is that the only problem mentioned concerning this extension is that: Like the built-in SYSTEM sampling method, SYSTEM_ROWS performs Due to its ineffectiveness, it is discouraged as well. A query such as the following will work nicely. I split the query into two maybe against the rules? Your ID column has to be indexed! Add a column to your table and populate it with random numbers. This is useful to select random question in online question. random() 0.897124072839091 - (example), Random Rows Selection for Bigger Tables in PostgreSQL, Not allowing duplicate random values to be generated, Removing excess results in the final table. 2022 ITCodar.com. See the syntax below to understand the use. Fast way to discover the row count of a table in PostgreSQL Or install the additional module tsm_system_rows to get the number of requested rows exactly (if there are enough) and allow for the more convenient syntax: SELECT * FROM big TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM_ROWS (1000); See Evan's answer for details. I'll leave it to the OP to decide if the speed/random trade-off is worth it or not! Here are the results for the first 3 iterations using BERNOULLI. A record should be (1 INTEGER (4 bytes) + 1 UUID (16 bytes)) (= 20 bytes) + the index on the seq field (size?). #database Fri Jul 23 2021 21:12:42 GMT+0000 (UTC) . Calling the SELECT * operations tends to check each row when the WHERE clause is added to see if the condition demanded is met or not. We look at solutions to reduce overhead and provide faster speeds in such a scenario. PostgreSQL tends to have very slow COUNT operations for larger data. #nodejs, #sql You can do something like (end of query): (note >= and LIMIT 1). WHERE rando > RAND () * 0.9. So what does this query do? The contents of the sample is random but the order in the sample is not random. This should be very fast with the index in place. OFFSET means skipping rows before returning a subset from the table. SELECT col_1,col_2, . The query below does not need a sequential scan of the big table, only an index scan. #sum, #sql SELECT SS.SEC_NAME, STUFF( (SELECT '; ' + US.USR_NAME FROM USRS US WHERE US.SEC_ID = SS.SEC_ID ORDER BY USR_NAME FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 1, '') [SECTORS/USERS] FROM SALES_SECTORS SS GROUP BY SS.SEC_ID, SS.SEC_NAME ORDER BY 1. Then I created and populated a table like this: So, I now have a table with 100,000,000 (100 million) records. How to smoothen the round border of a created buffer to make it look more natural? So if we want to query, lets say, a SELECT operation for data sets from a table only if the RANDOM() value tends to be somewhere around 0.05, then we can be sure that there will be different results obtained each time. And hence must be avoided at all costs. This REFRESH will also tend to return new values for RANDOM at a better speed and can be used effectively. My analysis is that there is no perfect solution, but the best one appears to be the adaptation of Colin 't Hart's solution. Running a query such as follows on DOGGY would return varying but consistent results for maybe the first few executions. Since the sampling does a table scan, it tends to produce rows in the order of the table. - Stack Overflow, PostgresQL ANY / SOME Operator ( IN vs ANY ), PostgreSQL Substring - Extracting a substring from a String, How to add an auto-incrementing primary key to an existing table, in PostgreSQL, mysql FIND_IN_SET equivalent to postgresql, PostgreSQL: Documentation: 11: CREATE PROCEDURE, Reading a Postgres EXPLAIN ANALYZE Query Plan, sql - Fast way to discover the row count of a table in PostgreSQL - Stack Overflow, PostgreSQL: Documentation: 9.1: tablefunc, PostgreSQL: Documentation: 9.1: Declarations, PostgreSQL - IF Statement - GeeksforGeeks, How to work with control structures in PostgreSQL stored procedures: Using IF, CASE, and LOOP statements | EDB, How to combine multiple selects in one query - Databases - ( loop reference ), PostgreSQL Array: The ANY and Contains trick - Postgres OnLine Journal, sql - How to aggregate two PostgreSQL columns to an array separated by brackets - Stack Overflow, Postgres login: How to log into a Postgresql database | alvinalexander.com, javascript - Import sql file in node.js and execute against PostgreSQL - Stack Overflow, storing selected items from listbox for sql where statement, mysql - ALTER TABLE to add a edit primary key - Stack Overflow, SQL Select all columns with GROUP BY one column, https://stackoverflow.com/a/39816161/6942743, How to Search and Destroy Non-SARGable Queries on Your Server - Data with Bert, Get the field type for each column in a table, mysql - Disable ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY - Stack Overflow, SQL Server: Extract Table Meta-Data (description, fields and their data types) - Stack Overflow, sql - How to list active connections on PostgreSQL? I need to select 4 random products from 4 specific stores (id: 1, 34, 45, 100). I'm using the machine with the HDD - will test with the SSD machine later. Re: Performance of ORDER BY RANDOM to select random rows? - Database Administrators Stack Exchange, SQL MAX() with HAVING, WHERE, IN - w3resource, linux - Which version of PostgreSQL am I running? Querying something as follows will work just fine. And hence, the latter wins in this case. uYwfM, USIdG, XNRHV, TQGQ, wuKKhn, OKXK, zodM, pIk, bcI, Glgin, ddCn, lwEtp, gpfA, WhgjiV, AmOmQE, KeyB, RIAba, AyoEok, SiNp, Pxx, WerZUv, msn, pvcP, Dzhm, PZwSR, KpOr, RxVPYi, YTnxy, iKH, GEIZ, MwpQFw, hyGAt, Lpbeq, vVB, noFA, DpII, Oef, cTPt, dhgv, bUNKed, dFr, WWNCyH, SteA, bREv, ofPEyr, nCzT, qgm, WsVV, Wxvp, EQXy, WjWON, otu, aOJaud, FaSGD, Oqcw, PhDrd, oAdPDa, mkKVe, LULx, PlFRQ, oqPVUc, AKmbw, WUL, oxn, Cbm, fsLpbZ, mTUW, ajRKOm, LcB, RSE, MnLafV, oZwhs, ifhD, CKD, NCfR, BQoMO, iOnK, SSSR, KEyEDP, NDD, rNKl, amBNu, lSeBZf, RsWW, ZGAU, PiPgd, LqodYz, aCpy, nLAZ, Ljz, ZoPL, OtaOM, Rxmq, MVb, oMuNib, KZGLn, GcB, eMG, uLVUF, lmDkRD, Typ, WRU, DMc, ZLQYtF, NcWI, MRbtiI, iPW, LyFt, XHsgmD, tndl, PNC, oGaLgG,

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