epistemic responsibility clifford

This article will outline a few ways to approach such a response. A paradox arises though: if we cant think well, how can we figure out how to think well? And indeed, all of us will struggle, and perhaps nothing will come of it. Chapter 3 of our text discusses the branch of philosophy called epistemology, "the study of human knowledgehow we get it, what it is, whether we have it, or why we don't" (191). Aysia Jones September 15th, 2021 PHIL1030 PHIL-1030 with Dr. Meredith Questions on What each of us believes influences what we act on and assert, and in turn xGr9j3 rlHQ&Ah[C8 ="&GixKfTj/wx,cq{Y|S+]U+vcG:vnqmsvxoUumiUl/xQ4 %u^R|e]5^F7*./[#k Y_D We generally spend a good deal of focus to make sure we dont accidentally hit someone with our car, to check that we dont miss an item in the self-checkout line at the store, to avoid offending others, and so on. And any such act weakens our self-control and our critical faculties. The idea that there is an ethical imperative to cultivate the life of the mind is valuable, and we have Clifford to thank for it. Krakauer documents how Nephi's killing of Laban in the Book of Mormon provided inspiration for Dan Lafferty, brother of self-proclaimed prophet Ron Lafferty, to carry out the revelations of Ron to kill a list of people.[10]. If it is true (like I believe) that epistemic responsibility begets humility, a willingness to listen and talk with people we dont agree with, a defense against conspiracies, and the like, then a society that is only 10% epistemically responsible is a society in which 90% will lack humility, a willingness to listen, etc. In the "Ethics of Belief," William Clifford argued that "it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone to believe anything upon insufficient evidence.". [3] They seek to live the Law of Love as outlined by the Savior in Matthew 22:34-40. FAIR is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing well-documented answers to criticisms of the doctrine, practice, and history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. View Epistemic Reponsibility & Clifford questions (1).docx from PHIL 1030 at Southwest Tennessee Community College. Latter-day Saints assume that all are the same. Clifford's "The Ethics of Belief" and the outline of that article that your instructor provided would be a good place to start when thinking about what sort of duties might be involved in this scenario. I do not believe this means we should all become positivists (as seems to me to be what Clifford thought), but rather I believe this means we must all work to ever-improve the life of our minds. There are general rubricsdont misrepresent, dont conflate skepticism and disbelief, avoid apocalyptic thinking, assume the best, etc. [2] Thus, for Latter-day Saints, humans are ends in and of themselves. Broken Pencil. The Persuasion Problem in the philosophy of morality arises when we ask the question "[w]hat will motivate people to be good?". With Hank Green. Not rejecting an idea because its hard to hear. Z%$C_r9=P&/J]%_dr This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. Rose). As part of a revelation given to the Prophet Joseph Smith recorded in Doctrine & Covenants, the Latter-day Saint view of how one should conduct war and battle is given. Latter-day Saint philosopher and theologian Blake T. Ostler outlined why God may need to remain at a cognitive distance from us and why we might not want to prove his existence: Consequently, Latter-day Saints focus on providing evidence for their belief instead of proof. https://linktr.ee/ogrose. New York: Oxford University Press. Clifford personally used his critique to attack religion, believing religion was epistemologically irresponsible by definition and hence innately immoral. In his famous essay The Ethics of Belief, W.K. "The Ethics of Belief" was published in 1877 by Cambridge mathematician and philosopher William Kingdon Clifford, in a journal called Contemporary Review. eM( >p4U#+ Non-believers and believers might consider whether a would-be perpetrator actually believes in the God they claim to worship if they believe that God is going to enact a final judgement and commands his worshippers to not murder, rape, etc and yet still commits atrocities and/or uses revelation to justify that atrocity. Fricker, M. (2007) Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing. Evaluation,2019,214 . It's anything but a slam dunk. It is easy to see that Latter-day Saints do not want to become part of violent, senseless killing but be like Christ in turning the other cheek as much as possible and seeking to establish peace. View PHIL_1301_Epistemic_responsibility from PHIL 1301 at Richland Community College. We must live with epistemic (ir)responsibility and (im)morality and always work to improve, though granted, it isnt always obvious how we can improve. Rose.com. English mathematician and philosopher W.K. Give reasons and perhaps examples to defend your response. 2. According to the article "How Do We Get to Herd Immunity for Fake News?," the quote that caught my interest is, If we dontif we only do it out of a sense of Kantian duty, for examplewe will only be changed in appearance, not in heart. But insofar as Clifford's main thesis continues to be influential to this day, the duty in question is Modern revelation also tells Latter-day Saints to be subject to the laws of the land in which they live. Cliffords overarching idea is immensely important, and I would like to expand on it here to claim that a failure to think well is an example of epistemic irresponsibility and immorality. If I avoid evidence that could counter my worldview, if I fail to try to understand fully those I disagree with (and instead stereotype or misrepresent them), if I only read books I agree with, and so on, I am epistemically immoral and irresponsible (and a threat to Pluralism and the Habermasian project, as discussed throughout the works of O.G. , and habits are stronger than duties. 10. The late 19th-century philosopher W.K. The place to begin is "The will to believe," James's response to Clifford's account of the "Ethics of belief." James is responding to one of the fundamental principles of W.K.Clifford's "Ethics of belief." According to Clifford: It is wrong always, everywhere, and for everyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence. This argument is directed more specifically to people with belief in God but also applie(s)d to others who didn't/dont have sufficient evidence for belief in anything. Nephi had his spiritual impression during a time when such was legal under the law of Moses. Clifford sums up: If there is no ultimate authority to give consequences for our actions, wouldnt it be more dangerous not to believe in God and especially the Latter-day Saint God? Belief in a God whose existence can't be proven was simply "blind faith," he . Ethics and Social Welfare,2019,101 . (^mP~TH(xjQx}V eS9q8eu9pO4'BV%zKvUOVBOMiK,B3d3D&xt!2k7[s\*n.>!xDh2I_AER|y")RG77NF#xvaTAB2( `U#m|21^VQfsq#H'p[01Ym|nw6g)VwSxdNtJl:GYC[tl4Xc">X#]B`ldUgv{vN=Q;@;ZQEX}ZF Latter-day Saints also believe in a final judgement. This doesnt simply mean we need to become smarter, if by smarter one means memorize more information. A lack of data isnt the problem, but rather a lack of tools to sort through, understand, and be critical about data. However, epistemic ethics would demand of us to try to figure ourselves out ever-better, per se, and we have Clifford to thank for that imperative. He discusses the work of W.K. z=e!7)?Pt}D`?fCXf]_vu[Y5O&gMsGG;1p\k vkd\TSzM[#r@58t}w%}R^ xTI+=~oBMPN=Mq+A{_7vlF4=t!Tf)Yl]Ywx)WY \iX fmu Part of the problem is precisely that we know too much data, thanks to our modern technologies, which actually worsens our problem, because we lack the epistemic tools to handle it. Epistemic responsibility and the ethics of belief. Clifford never really tells us. [20] Latter-day Saints also believe in a final judgement. That may not be enough to resolve this criticism; but it gives us a starting point from which we can proceed and elucidate the rest of the response. However, as argued in (Im)morality, since what constitutes being ethical is relative to the situation and its corresponding language game, per se, there isnt a specific right answer for what in particularity we should think for every situation, ever time. Again, we all fall short: were all epistemically (im)moral.. For Clifford, all of us have a burden of epistemic responsibility that we must bear well; otherwise, we fail to live the moral life. NxFly!4o\0!JG . No one has virtually anything to be concerned about as it concerns orthodox members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Similarly, accounts of collective epistemic responsibility have addressed the issue of collective belief formation and associated actions. 3. Only if others decide to take violence to the Saints could such a command by God to go to war ever be given.[19]. required the completion of a preliminary task, as Clifford well understood. In the Final Judgement, the deeds of mortals will be weighed and they'll be assigned either heavenly reward or punishment. FAIR is controlled and operated by the Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research (FAIR). Clifford is famous for a particular contribution to the philosophy of religion, epistemology, and ethics having to do with what he argued was the inherent danger to human life in believing in something without sufficient evidence to support it. 8. Ponder. Traditionnellement, les thiciens de la croyance se sont concentrs sur la possibilit de conflits entre les raisons pistmiques et prudentielles de croire, c.--d., sur la question de savoir s'il est . Discussion of epistemic responsibility typically focuses on belief formation and actions leading to it. Representing ideas we disagree with accurately. Toho. [36]Derek Clifford. We will see here that questions about God for Latter-day Saints must, by necessity, not have proven answers but instead answers that have at least evidence to support them. Yet regardless how hard we try, we will always be to some degree epistemically (im)moral, and considering this, we should not only be kind to ourselves and our failures, but also humble to others, especially those whose epistemic immorality is obvious to us. Thinking entails responsibilities, but it isnt always clear what constitutes those responsibilities. According to James K.A. [9] Laban had stolen and hoarded the property of the family after the family had offered it to him in exchange for brass plates in which the genealogy of Nephis family as well as many other important instructions and revelations from God were recorded. Clifford made a pretty convincing case for epistemic responsibility. (2017) Pragmatic encroachment and moral encroachment. I state that Code's main thesis is also inadequate because it overlooks the presupposition of trust inherent to belief formation. English mathematician and philosopher W.K. 4 0 obj Modern revelation has stipulated that Latter-day Saints shalt not kill, nor do anything like unto it.. Cliffords argument (discussed in the video) with regard to epistemic responsibility (the example about the shipowner is NOT his argument; it is an example meant to illustrate the argument), and then respond to his argument: do you agree or disagree with Clifford? But religion and especially believing in God can provide accountability for those people as well. For Clifford, all of us have a burden of epistemic responsibility that we must bear well; otherwise, we fail to live the moral life. That said, as there is moral imperative for us to work to be increasingly moral though we will always be (im)moral, so there is moral imperative for us to become increasingly responsible and epistemically moral. This is a very short list intended only to highlight ways in which we can cultivate epistemic responsibility. Part of the problem is precisely that we know. nam8U>EU_zT6w!Rl%bhd UJ*jhx#xmC'oefp:5`}bX+-zz*2Z. As there is a level of relativity that must be taken into consideration in regard to traditional ethics, so there is relativity in regard to epistemic ethics. Furthermore, because of the phenomenology of (true) ignorance, the indestructibility of the map, the difficulty of learning to speak, and other dimensions of epistemic life that are described throughout the works of O.G. (C) merely says that it is not wrong to believe in a case in which one's evidence is insufficient. Poydras. Yet ironically, as we absorb more data, we feel more equipped to handle that information, and so open ourselves up to receive more. %PDF-1.3 But has the majority ever been epistemically responsible? Give reasons and perhaps examples to defend your response. For Clifford, all of us have a burden of "epistemic responsibility" that we must bear well; otherwise, we fail to live the moral life. every man who has speech of his fellows. Clifford would have strong objections to that contention. Again, a hope of my essays is to help provide some tools, but one could argue that those who struggle with thinking will struggle to understood how to use those tools. This commandment to Nephi was given at a time that was crucial for the salvation and exaltation for millions of people. Some ask what the Latter-day Saint response to the question of epistemic responsibility might be. % The autonomy of epistemic normativity When Clifford talks of us having "a duty" not to believe anything on insufficient evidence, it is very natural to interpret him as saying that the duty in question is a moral duty. Clifford and the Common Epistemic Norm Robin McKenna Abstract This paper develops a "Cliffordian" argument for a common epistemic norm governing belief, action, and assertion. Latter-day Saint belief in human perfection, Solving the Persuasion Problem Without God, The Final Judgement Acts as a Boon on Believers as Well. However, if epistemic responsibility is a concern of ours, and we realize that just because someone happens to be correct, it doesnt follow that the person is necessarily epistemically responsible about being correct, we can start seeing America very differently. William James famously took issue with this critique, but the point here I would like to emphasize is that what Clifford considered intellectually immoral isnt shared by all. Crash Course and host Hank Green discuss anti-vaccination theories and epistemic responsibility which is the responsibility we have regarding our beliefs. Code's notion is distinct from Clifford's in that responsibility is moral but is also epistemic. [4], Latter-day Saints believe that part of discipleship of Jesus Christ is to give a reason for the hope that is within us,[5] call upon our enemies in both private and public to confound them,[6] sustain and defend the Church which is considered kingdom of God on the earth, and seeking knowledge and wisdom by study and faith in order to build up others convictions of the truthfulness of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Copyright 1997-2022 by The Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Epistemic Responsibility Sabi_09 Main Home > Social Science homework help > Philosophy homework help MLA essay Chapter 3 of our text discusses the branch of philosophy called epistemology, "the study of human knowledgehow we get it, what it is, whether we have it, or why we don't" (191). Taking on the case of those we disagree with to understand evidence, not just our case. Believing in God is most often viewed by philosophers as the only way to solve such a problem since he/she/they are the only one(s) that provide a stable metaethical worldview that might be able to provide such a consequence to peoples actions. In such circumstances, I fail to think well, for a good thinker wouldnt avoid ideas that could threaten his or her worldview, wouldnt misrepresent disagreeable ideas he or she didnt like, and so on. `0 NmtzY*Vq&5f>goBBv@ BRzN#L~7\T6`I8D5U##OR Meb1!cDp~v/>MX+ )pM\63eY.cq|PVmT41,0j3Gryv|'EZT-%_-BtLh -,LCI3W7:x0giRuhkSAe*laHjU As Clifford sees it, any case of believing for faulty reasons has the potential to infect and corr upt the system of belief that we all depend on. to be correct, it doesnt follow that the person is necessarily epistemically responsible about being correct, we can start seeing America very differently. (Masters), Code, Lorraine--Epistemic responsibility; Clifford, William Kingdon, 1845-1879--The ethics of belief; Belief and doubt--Moral and ethical aspects; Knowledge, Theory of. Clifford argued that if a person allowed others to use a car that the owner knew was unsafe, even if the people arrived at their destination successfully and unharmed, the owner of the vehicle would still be guilty of immorality. Communicating an idea as clearly as possible. I state that Code's main thesis is also inadequate because it overlooks the presupposition of trust inherent to belief formation. Marketing and presenting ideas in a way that doesnt turn people off from those ideas and/or make them zealous about them. This life, for Latter-day Saints, is the proving ground where we will show how well we can keep Gods commandments and thus prove ourselves worthy to return to his presence and receive all that he has. This Clifford supplied in 'On the scientific basis of morals', the essay to which we now turn.11 Laban had taken the only thing that the Lehites could use to know the Law of Moses and keep God's commandments and obtain salvation. Knowing how to think, there is a better chance we will know what to do in the situations we find ourselves in and with the data we absorb; lacking training, there is a much higher likelihood for problems. , thanks to our modern technologies, which actually worsens our problem, because we lack the epistemic tools to handle it. O:JA&L. We invite you to give back. No portion of this site may be reproduced without the express written consent of The Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research, Inc. Any opinions expressed, implied, or included in or with the goods and services offered by FAIR are solely those of FAIR and not those of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Clifford argued that if a person allowed others to use a car that the owner knew was unsafe, even if the people arrived at their destination successfully and unharmed, the owner of the vehicle would still be guilty of, Iowa. In Levinas's perspective the Self's responsibility for the Other is unlimited and unquestionable: it is the primary principle of human existence. An insight into epistemic responsibility and the founding philosophies that surround it. Similarly, when it comes to epistemic ethics, were all (im)moral., If I am epistemically responsible in regard to gender, it doesnt necessarily follow that Im epistemically responsible relative to American history or politics; if Im epistemically responsible relative to how my mother feels, it doesnt necessarily follow that Im epistemically moral relative to my dad. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of FAIR, its officers, directors or supporters. It isnt always obvious how this is accomplished (often being situational), and if we think it is, that notion in of itself is an example of epistemic irresponsibility and arrogance. Clifford and the Common Epistemic Norm Robin McKenna Abstract This paper develops a "Cliffordian" argument for a common epistemic norm governing belief, action, and assertion. stream For more, please visit O.G. And it's worth pointing out that his beef wasn't only with ship owners or kids who didn't study. Rose, it isnt possible for any human being to be perfect all the time. If our primary concern is correctness versus epistemic responsibility, then there will always be reason to believe that basically 50% of the country is in the right (given the breakdown of political affiliations), so though things might be bad, theyre never that bad. West Trade. In his famous essay "The Ethics of Belief," W.K. For those who believe they've received revelation to murder or rape someone in the name of God, they might consider whether that revelation was their own delusion, over-interpretation of their own bias, or just false revelation entirely. Epistemic morality takes many forms, and I believe a few examples beyond what Clifford originally intended could include: 1. crash course philosophy is brought Accepting that we live our life happily not fully understanding much of what we believe. Please. AboutPressCopyrightContact. For Clifford one is morally responsible for one's beliefs due to their universal duty to question all that one believes. Cliffords argument (discussed in the video) with regard to epistemic responsibility (the example about the shipowner is NOT his argument; it is an example meant to illustrate the argument), and then respond to his argument: do you agree or disagree with Clifford? If we exist, we will exist around others; hence, ethics arent optional for us; likewise, if we live in a society, epistemic ethics are also necessary. Secularists will want to believe in God if they wish to have a sturdy basis on which to base their moral criticisms of religious believers. Suddenly, Americas situation can be remarkably dire, for it would be miraculous if even 10% of the country was epistemically responsible. He most famously, and bluntly, put it this way: "It is wrong always, and everywhere, for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence." And instead of using vaccinations as an example, Clifford told the story of a ship owner. I do not believe this means we should all become positivists (as seems to me to be what Clifford thought), but rather I believe this means we must all work to ever-improve the life of our minds. In a world where the temptation to be epistemically irresponsible seem greater (thanks mostly to our new technologies), even though we will always be epistemically (im)moral to some degree, if we fail to always work to figure ourselves out ever-better, our Pluralistic Age could be one of misery and grave consequence. Clifford's overarching idea is immensely important, and I would like to expand on it here to claim that a failure to "think well" is an example of epistemic irresponsibility and immorality. . When we know something is true and disregard it, or when we believe in something without sufficient evidence, according to Clifford, we act immorally. We lack the means to accomplish the end. Write Launch. We are a volunteer organization. One thing his arguments were meant to show is that religious belief is epistemically irresponsible. It is my contention that an ethic of belief is saved when we recognize that there is a central moral virtue of trust inherent to belief formation. Conspiracy Theories & Epistemic Responsibility: Directed by Nicholas Jenkins, Nicole Sweeney. Ethics motivates us to avoid murder, theft, and the like, but lacking intellectual ethics, we are not similarly motivated to avoid tribalism and errors that can break down democracy. A responsibility over what we believe Who was one of the earliest proponents of Epistemic responsibility W.K Clifford who lived in England in the mid 1800s-1900s Clifford argued that if a person allowed others to use a car that the owner knew was unsafe, even if the peo. Pushcart. This doesnt simply mean we need to become smarter, if by smarter one means memorize more information. A lack of data isnt the problem, but rather a lack of tools to sort through, understand, and be critical about data. The idea is that beliefs are the sorts of things that lead to actions and assertions. Any injury or murder of another person is thus virtually unconscionable to them. Summarize W.K. It is impossible for a person to know everything, and hence it isnt possible for anyone to be entirely responsible and epistemically moral. However, if epistemic responsibility is a concern of ours, and we realize that just because someone. Ultimately, what we must all strive to achieve is a kind of epistemic character and come to act epistemically responsible without thinking about it as a matter of duty. Bioethics,2019,314 . Different propositions would necessarily require different thresholds of evidence in order to rationally hold a belief. Some critics might ask If God can command Nephi to kill someone, why cant he do the same today? Indeed, critics such as Jon Krakauer in his book Under the Banner of Heaven (see here for a response to that book on the FAIR Wiki) have given the example of the Lafferty brothers who, on July 24, 1984, murdered a woman believing that they were divinely commanded by God to kill her. UNO. Question: What might be the Latter-day Saint response to criticism from epistemic responsibility? Henderson, Jeremy [wp[\~aFylQkc2-kKyG2~%:pW]"[zdh]]c9 y' ~o?A:Z00*'p$>U,s,, The Ethics of Belief is William K. Clifford's attempt to demonstrate that although one may be morally responsible for their actions, one is also morally responsible for the formation of one's beliefs which gives rise to those actions. Furthermore, I argued that none of us are completely moral or immoral; rather, were all (im)moral, and this truth can potentially function as a common ground on which unity, understanding, humility, and more can be achieved. Suddenly, Americas situation can be remarkably dire, for it would be miraculous if even 10% of the country was epistemically responsible. That idea acts as an insurance of accountability on believers to not fabricate revelation to commit atrocities. (2006) The Western prophetic religions such as Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Islam, and Christianity all believe in a final judgement. Clifford who argued it . Clifford, Pluralism, and the Morality of Philosophy, In his famous essay The Ethics of Belief, W.K. According to Bakhtin's perspective the Ego cannot escape responsibility uniqueness and integrity. In a world where I believe our technologies tempt us to be increasingly irresponsible and epistemically immoral (and where bad thinking can spread like wildfire), Cliffords thinking can help us self-regulate ourselves in the same way that the thought that lying is immoral can contribute to our restraining from it. Pidgeonholes. Clifford, Pluralism, and the Morality of Philosophy. Second Epistemic Responsibility Writing Assignment v5.0 Page 3 of 4 For purposes of this assignment, assume that the facts given . Dr. Peter Krey, Fall Semester, 2004. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Epistemic Authority and Genuine Ethical Controversies[J]. If we dontif we only do it out of a sense of Kantian duty, for examplewe will only be changed in appearance, not in heart. The paper also made clear my great skepticism of Ethics classes, but that shouldnt be conflated with a disdain for all ethics (though Im admittedly skeptical of general ethics). Summary. Learn how . Latter-day Saints are committed to extoling charity as the highest form of virtue that one can aspire to. In Epistemic Responsibility, Lorraine Code argues that one is responsible for the formation of their beliefs. If such a commandment is ever given (which it likely never will), it will likely not come to regular members of the Church. Readers are encouraged to get familiar with this scholarship.[8]. On W.K. DRUxUG,EuYR+QK6ez 3YIGO(Wu7ug(bA$P. But on the other hand, perhaps something will. I assume that nothing turns on this difference. And if our hearts dont change, ultimately, our minds wont change either. Summary: This article gives an overview of English mathematician and philosopher W.K. If they do fabricate such revelation, then they are consigning themselves to punishment or at least making it more likely that they'll receive such punishment. Summarize W.K. And carelessness about the evidence leads eventually to carelessness about the truth itself. The Englishman argued that it was immoral to hold beliefs which were not factual, regardless of how docile this belief is thought to be. Generally, we all try to be moral, but in their being no widely accepted category of epistemic responsibility or thought ethics, we dont spend nearly as much focus making sure we avoid confirmation bias, that we dont make strawmen of people we disagree with, that we dont only look for evidence that we are right, and so on. The first major objection that one could raise to the argument is "[w]hat threshold of evidence would be necessary to cross in order to be 'sufficient' for belief?" Clifford's contribution of epistemic responsibility within the philosophy of religion, ethics, and epistemology as well as the Latter-day Saint response to it. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Developing empathy: the capacity to think/feel about the world through the mind/heart of another. Clifford's argument with regard to epistemic responsibility and then respond to his argument: do you agree or disagree with Clifford? It was thus "better that one man perish than a whole nation dwindle in unbelief.". Memorial University Research Repository is powered by, Epistemic responsibility and the ethics of belief, http://research.library.mun.ca/id/eprint/9654, Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of > Philosophy, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Thesis Only the President of the Church would be authorized to do that. Love podcasts or audiobooks? On W.K. Probably not, which suggests why history so often seems to repeat. Smith, we are what we love, for what we love impacts what we desire, and what we desire incubates our habits. 9. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Last-Judgment-religion, https://www.fairlatterdaysaints.org/answers/index.php?title=Mormonism/Atheism/Epistemic_Responsibility&oldid=212865. [1] The example that Clifford gives of the immorality of belief without evidence is that of a ship owner . The paper also made clear my great skepticism of Ethics classes, but that shouldnt be conflated with a disdain for all ethics (though Im admittedly skeptical of general ethics). And if our hearts dont change, ultimately, our minds wont change either. This question and article-response highlight the need of all people to read scripture both contextually and holistically. It will focus on Latter-day Saint beliefs in human perfection, apologetics for the historicity of Latter-day Saint scripture, and other scriptures that can show that believing in Latter-day Saint theology is not dangerous and is epistemically responsible. C'est ce clbre change entre Clifford et James qui a inaugur ce que l'on appelle aujourd'hui l'thique de la croyance. He examines whether it is permissible to belief without sufficient evidence. Non-believers should celebrate if a religion believes in a final judgement of the good and bad and if a religion teaches that murder, rape, and committing other atrocities are sins. Because Clifford was one of the leading proponents of epistemic responsibility of his time. Murder was not legal. Donate to us by shopping at Amazon at no extra cost to you. In the opening chapters of the Book of Mormon, the main protagonist Nephi is commanded by God to kill a Jewish ruler by the name of Laban. Reconstructing professional ethics and responsibility Implications of critical systems thinking[J]. Diablo Valley College, Pleasant Hill, CA. Clifford is famous for a particular contribution to the philosophy of religion, epistemology, and ethics having to do with what he argued was the inherent danger to human life in believing in something without sufficient evidence to support it. View [English (auto-generated)] Anti-Vaxxers, Conspiracy Theories, & Epistemic Responsibility_ Crash Cour from BSMT 342 at Mariners Polytechnic College Foundation. If . This is a very short list intended only to highlight ways in which we can cultivate epistemic responsibility. For Clifford, all of us have a burden of "epistemic responsibility" that we must bear well; otherwise, we fail to live the moral life. Examples of Bakhtin and Levinas illustrate that epistemic responsibility takes on different forms. [7], For many years, scholars and apologists have been exploring and documenting evidences for belief in the scriptures as well as answering criticism of the doctrine, history, and practice of the Church so as to make sure that no ones belief is impeded in the Restored Gospel of Jesus Christ in any way. Many secularist critics of the Church may wish to use this as some sort of slam dunk against the Church and religion in general. 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