People who are pregnant should not eat raw fish, such as that found in sushi and sashimi. Seafood can be a great source of protein, and the omega-3 fatty acids in many fish can promote your baby's brain and eye development. No surprises here. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien. On the one hand, pregnant women are told that fishrich in iodine, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acids, and other vital nutrientsis good for our babies rapidly growing brains. Unfortunately, low birth weight often results from unavoidable exposures. Moran LJ, Verwiel Y, Bahri Khomami M, Roseboom TJ, Painter RC. Generally speaking, its safest to stick with ocean fish. Limit (not eliminate) foods that are not contributing to the growth and development of the baby. Join our email newsletter to find out how our community is helping families. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) advise anyone who could become pregnant, those who are already pregnant, those who are nursing, and children under the age of 6 to avoid eating fish with high levels of methylmercury. Yonezawa Y, Obara T, Yamashita T, et al. The unwashed surface can carry harmful bacteria and parasites such as Toxoplasma Gondii. We shouldnt have to perform a delicate dance to avoid a potent neurotoxin in the first place. If I am planning a pregnancy or I am already pregnant, what kind of fish can I eat, and how much? It is a vital part of many peoples daily ritual, and you may find yourself turning to caffeinated beverages several times a day. Mercury is a potent neurotoxin, whose effects are especially profound in the unborn. Very few studies have been done to evaluate breastfed infants exposed to high levels of methylmercury in breast milk; and the results are not clear. For this reason, Autism Speaks continues to support research to better understand the effects of chemical exposures during pregnancy. Taking care of yourself as your body changes. But when it comes to eating tamarind, moderation is the key. Strvik M, Jonsson K, Hartvigsson O, et al. Just by eating fish a few times a week, you can exceed mercury levels the EPA deems safe during pregnancy. Canned light tuna (including skipjack) is listed under Best Choices. Albacore (white) tuna and yellowfin tuna can have higher mercury levels and are under Good Choices.. High-mercury fish. Fish containing high levels of mercury have been linked to developmental delays and brain damage when consumed during pregnancy. Making healthy choices for you and your baby. And it is true. When cooked, a serving weighs around 140g, and when raw, it weighs approximately 170g. An education and resources framework that enables maternity care providers to create a flexible group prenatal care program in their hospitals, clinics or private practices. Instead, just get back on the low mercury bandwagon and keep trucking. Hurt the babys brain, kidneys, and nervous system. If coffee is an integral part of your morning routine you may be disappointed to find it on this list. Make sure your meat is cooked to a proper temperature, advises Bragagnini. Avoid raw or undercooked fish and shellfish. Fish to Avoid During Pregnancy. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12144723/. Methylmercury crosses the placenta and can be found in the babys blood at levels higher than those in the person who is pregnant. One oops is nothing to fret over. Canned tuna usually has lower mercury levels than other tuna because tuna used for canning are smaller species that are caught when less than 1 year old. First its important to note that when scientists speak of environmental risk factors, theyre talking about more than exposures to toxic chemicals. Amy Kiefer is a researcher by training, and earned her Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. steps to take to avoid accidentally eating mercury and toxins during (source: hearstapps) Peanuts are among such foods to avoid while breastfeeding. Camembert. (9), For this reason, raw unpasteurized dairy such as milk or milk products including cheese, butter, and cream is also unsuitable for pregnant women as it may contain listeria and its consumption can cause listeriosis. This sheet is about exposure to methylmercury in pregnancy and while breastfeeding. This is because these fish live in polluted waters that could contain toxins like mercury. (8) 4. They allow your health care provider to make sure you and your baby are healthy as well as give you information on anyvaccinations orprenatal tests you may need. Methylmercury is found in water, soil, plants and animals. Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K 9.315 extension. Is red snapper high in mercury? (3), Meat can be a great source of protein and iron in a pregnant womans diet. Many heavy fish, like shark and swordfish, contain high levels of Do some fish have more methylmercury than others? Fruits are rich sources of micronutrients such as iron, folic acid, vitamin C, and magnesium, all of which are associated with a healthy pregnancy and birth. Some studies have suggested a chance for preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces (2500 grams) at birth). (16), Similar to papaya, pineapple has claims that it can bring about abortion of the fetus due to its chemical components. If a male is exposed to methylmercury could it affect fertility (ability to get partner pregnant) or increase the chance of birth defects? Raw shellfish. Schedule yourfirst prenatal care checkup as soon as you think youre pregnantprenatal care is an essential part of your pregnancy. If you want to decrease your mercury exposure, avoid eating shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish. These were extreme situations where a number of adults also became sick and died from the contamination. Are there fish that I should avoid eating? Pregnant women can eat up to 340 grams of fish per week, that is about 2-3 times per week. When mercury from the air enters water such as oceans, lakes, rivers and streams, the mercury is changed into methylmercury. Avoid cosmetics, food additives and medicines imported from overseas. To reduce exposure, pregnant women should avoid direct exposure and follow U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state-specific fish consumption guidelines. And is that morning cup of coffee still on the cards? Its going to help keep the mind calm and more importantly, its not going to put stress on the body or the baby themselves. Avoid high mercury fish before, during, and after pregnancy. From raw fish to caffeine, here are the foods to avoid during pregnancy so that you can protect yourself and your baby. Foods to avoid during the third trimester of pregnancy include raw or undercooked seafood; seafood containing mercury; raw or undercooked eggs; unpasteurized milk or other dairy products; raw sprouts and unwashed vegetables and fruits. Alcohol is top of the list of foods to avoid during pregnancy. Anyone who is pregnant or could become pregnant are advised to follow the FDA and EPA guidelines for fish consumption. Therefore, its best to avoid high mercury fish while pregnant and breastfeeding. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27426506/. It is recommended Observational studies have found consumption of fish leads to favorable outcomes for the pregnant mother and the baby. When removing old carpet padding, use a vacuum fitted with a HEPA filter to avoid exposure to contaminated dust. It is not free of anxiety about what foods can be safe and what need to be avoided. 1. Eating a nutrient-rich, balanced diet is crucial if youre pregnant, yet it can be confusing to navigate what you can eat and what you cant. Roquefort. It comes from pollution. Overall, maternal mortality has seen a rise in the United States, and it has become increasingly important to address the health of both women and the fetus. Some studies have suggested that mercury exposure might increase fertility problems. If you like eggs in the morning, youll want to be sure theyre cooked thoroughly. Also avoid eating whale meat and/or blubber (fat), as whales generally have high levels of methylmercury. (The FDA provides age-appropriate servings of these fishhere.). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6161013/. Certain foods and beverages should be avoided, but most others are also safe to consume. Published September 24, 2018. During pregnancy, your immunity is lowered, and youre more susceptible to food poisoning, including listeriosis, which can lead to miscarriage. Eat a healthy diet. This means it can accumulate to harmful levels. Remove shoes at the door to prevent tracking lawn chemicals and other pollutants. In general, exposures that fathers or sperm donors have are unlikely to increase risks to a pregnancy. Fish with high levels of mercury Seafood can be an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids and protein, but some seafood may contain excess mercury. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170042/. (8), Pregnant women are advised to avoid the consumption of raw shellfish including mussels, oysters, and shrimps as these can carry viruses and germs that can cause foodborne illnesses. Mercury. Dejong K, Olyaei A, Lo JO. While cooking fish reduces the risk of illness from bacteria and pathogens, it does not reduce the levels of methylmercury in the fish. Thats because caffeine passes over the placenta, but the fetus is not yet able to metabolize it. Cod and Haddock Published March 2019. In most cases, there are increased safety risks, and youll want to avoid these foods to protect the health of you and your little one. Some cultures make use of raw eggs in certain drinks such as ponche, licuados, and eggnog. And thats why this problemis worth complaining about. A study in another country, where people eat much more fish than is typically consumed in the U.S., reported that methylmercury from a balanced diet that includes fish is not likely to affect the development of the child from prenatal exposure. In light of these apparent benefits of eating fish during pregnancy for childrens later cognitive development, many public health officials worry that pregnant women in the U.S. are eating too little fish, not too much. Avoiding Environmental Hazards During Pregnancy, A family found answers through the MSSNG program, A guide to resources we offer from screening to adulthood, Gua de recursos que ofrecemos desde la deteccin hasta la edad adulta, INSAR Day 1: MSSNG research reveals new genes associated with autism, New study shows increase in global prevalence of autism, Autism Speaks connects families and caregivers of children with autism to essential skills through Caregivers Skills Training program, Genetic mutations associated with ASD increase risk for other co-occurring conditions, Genetic testing can guide interventions for autism and its co-occurring conditions, Toxicenvironmentalchemicals: the role of reproductive health professionals in preventing harmfulexposures", Environmental Exposures: How to Counsel Preconception and Prenatal Patients in the Clinical Setting, avoid shark, swordfish, king mackerel, tile fish and large tuna, Environmental Working Groups Dirty Dozen (most contaminated food products), click here. Monji F; Adaikan PG; Lau LC; Bin Said B; Gong Y; Tan HM; Choolani M; Investigation of uterotonic properties of Ananas comosus extracts. Remove shoes at the door to prevent tracking in lead and other pollutants. Some studies have suggested that high levels of mercury may cause infertility while other studies have not. (19) However, feel free to avoid the fruit altogether if you feel unsafe. But, dont worry, wherever possible weve recommended alternatives, so you dont have to miss out on enjoying mealtimes. People can be exposed to methylmercury in many ways. (10). In case of a medical concern or emergency, please consult your healthcare provider. It also recommends thoroughly washing hands and dishes that have come in contact with raw eggs. Pregnant women should avoid swordfish, shark, king mackerel, and tilefish. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7061927/. To stay within safe limits, eat up to 12 ounces per week of lower-mercury seafood like shrimp, salmon, pollock, catfish, and canned light tuna. Nutrition today. It's usually served cold and could be contaminated. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). Learn about some of the families who have benefited from our collective work and connect with others over what it takes to raise a strong baby. Public health messages understandably focus on pregnancy, a time of rapid development, but the advice is similar for those who are not pregnant. (8) 4. servings (8-12 oz.) Hair testing may be able to detect ongoing (chronic) mercury exposure. This is called the background risk. Outside of the Avoid category, all other fish fall into either theBest orGood categories. A comprehensive prenatal curriculum presented in English or Spanish and designed for use with pregnant women in a supportive group setting. If youre a sushi fan, its worth sticking to well-cooked fish instead while youre expecting. Maintaininghealthy habits during pregnancy is important to your growing babyeating healthy foods,staying active andgaining the right amount of weight are vital to keeping both of you healthy and strong. March of Dimes leads the fight for the health of all moms and babies. (18). One study has identified the low consumption of meat during pregnancy to be associated with an increased risk of substance abuse in teenage years. How much fish is safe to eat during pregnancy? In addition, in some cultures, ripe pineapple has been used as traditional medication to bring about abortions, while in some other places, the juice of the unripe fruit is used for the same effect. Published March 22, 2019. High lead exposure has been shown to lower IQ scores. This site provides content for informational purposes only. Pay attention to scrubbing your produce thoroughly before consumption. Many studies have shown that the right intake of micronutrients can be useful in preventing many risk factors of pregnancy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/salmonella-and-eggs.html. When youre pregnant, its hard to escape the eat fish, dont eat fish dilemma. Public health nutrition. What we can say is that exposure to toxic chemicals during pregnancy or early infancy poses a general threat to future health. This explains why experts recommend pregnant women avoid sea-water fishes like swordfish (myli meen), tuna and shark and instead consume fishes like rohu or kingfish. Methylmercury in small amounts is not likely to be harmful. While its essential to eliminate foods with known safety issues, its important not to be overly restrictive with your diet. If there is no advisory, the recommendation is to eat only 1 serving and no other fish that week. Raw milk consumption: Risks and benefits. Beyond simply putting the heating on 24/7, there are some things that can help. 45: Folic Acid and Birth Defect Prevention, Episode 24: Kombucha in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding, Episode 31: Bug Repellent, Sunscreen, Sushi & Hair, Eczema (Moderate-to-Severe)/Atopic Dermatitis, Pertussis/Tdap vaccine (Whooping Cough vaccine). We want to emphasize that, we cannot say whether reducing exposure to these chemicals will lower the risk of autism in a future child. Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding. As mentioned, very high levels of methylmercury in the diet, as seen from contamination of food supplies in Japan and Iraq were able to affect brain development. NY 10036. For me personally while pregnant, I stuck with the Best category and skipped fish the FDA considered merely Goodfor a couple of reasons: Another rule of thumb: Steer clear of fish caught in local waters. Drinking alcohol while pregnant increases the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome, miscarriage, and stillbirth, according to a 2011 review in Alcohol Research and Health (opens in new tab). Check with your local agency to see if the fish is safe to eat. Once the answer to the question am I pregnant? turns out to be yes, its likely that one of your first concerns will be your diet. Nutrients. 10. One weeks consumption of fish probably would not greatly change the level of methylmercury in your body. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (opens in new tab) recommends limiting your intake to less than 200mg daily the equivalent of one 12-ounce cup of coffee. Filling your plate with a variety of vegetables helps you pack in plenty of beneficial nutrients and they can stave off pregnancy-related constipation. And of course, there are some advisories that you should really adhere to, such as tilefish, shark, those kinds of fish that contains and have more potential to contain a higher amount of mercury. It is important to note that most of the pineapples abortifacient claims arise from its use in folk medicine and have not been proven by science. For people who could become pregnant or who are currently pregnant, the FDA & EPA suggest eating up to 12 ounces (340 grams) of fish a week. If you or any of your family members is allergic to peanuts, you must avoid them until you stop lactating. Published August 2018. scientific evaluation of a common belief in some parts of Asia using a rat model. (12), Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin similar to vitamins D, E, and K. These vitamins are not excreted out like water-soluble vitamins and have a higher chance of increasing toxicity. 866.626.6847, Media Inquiries (14). The harms of mercury dont occur with a single serving of swordfish. Raw milk and certain types of cheese, particularly soft varieties, are unpasteurized. She is at her happiest when she is out in nature, whether thats on an invigorating hike or pottering in the garden. Food safety is an important aspect of keeping you and your baby safe during pregnancy. Can this make it harder for me to get pregnant? Raw fish, unpasteurized dairy, alcohol, high mercury fish, coffee, and foods high in added sugar are all foods that should be avoided during pregnancy. Exercise caution with poached or lightly scrambled eggs, artisan ice creams, and tiramisu. We have preliminary evidencethat pesticides may increase risk of autism. This included persons who had somewhat increased levels of mercury; suggesting that other nutrients in fish might have had a protective effect. Some foods may also be toxic (poisonous) if consumed in large quantities by pregnant women. In general, large fish, fish that have long life spans, and fish that eat other fish are more likely to have higher amounts of methylmercury. Eating fish is an important part of a healthy diet and is a good food choice for pregnancy. However, not all studies have reported this. Sprouts may seem innocuous, but bacteria can linger on raw varieties. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5659906/. How deadly is Putin's nuclear 'Satan 2' missile? If you do eat fish caught in waters without local guidance, its best to limit your consumption of those fish, and avoid all other fish that week. Bermdez-Milln , Hromi-Fiedler A, Damio G, Segura-Prez S, Prez-Escamilla R. Egg contribution towards the diet of pregnant latinas. A review of guidance on fish consumption in pregnancy: Is it fit for purpose? Please enter your location to help us display the correct information for your area. (4), However, the consumption of rare meat (severely undercooked) as well as processed meats including cold cuts, hot dogs, and deli meats can all lead to an increased risk of developing listeriosis, a severe illness common in pregnant women caused by a germ called listeria. Can exposure to methylmercury in pregnancy affect future behavior or learning for the child? Avoid large, predatory fish. To reduce your exposure to mercury, don't eat shark, swordfish, king mackerel or tilefish. Skip uncooked fish and shellfish. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet Paternal Exposures at https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/paternal-exposures-pregnancy/. At the same time, higher levels of mercury in women during pregnancy raised their childrens risk of ADHD. In the U.S., mainly from coal and oil-fueled power plants which lack modern pollution controls. Raw alfalfa, bean sprouts, mung beans, radish, and clover, are all foods to avoid during pregnancy, according to the FDA (opens in new tab). The following large fish have the highest levels of methylmercury and should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding: shark, swordfish, king mackerel, marlin, orange roughy, bigeye tuna, and tilefish from the Gulf of Mexico. Risk factors for high exposure include recent immigration to the United States, occupational contact, imported cosmetics and renovation of homes built before 1978. The information provided is not intended for use as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You may need to opt for well-done while pregnant to protect yourself and your little one. While canned tuna is safe to eat during pregnancy, limit white (albacore) tuna and tuna steaks to a maximum 6 ounces a week, as these varieties contain more mercury, per the Mayo Clinic. Consuming up to 3 dates is considered safe. High-mercury fish you want to avoid include: shark; swordfish; king mackerel; tuna (especially https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21280989/. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32843532/. Its easy to see this issue as just another pain in the butt part of pregnancy. 2022 Autism Speaks Inc.501(c)(3) organization, EIN: 20-2329938. Plus, youll likely be the recipient of well-intended but potentially contradictory advice. And I think that's the first thing that you should do. Diet during pregnancy plays an important role. Wash produce thoroughly before eating. Nutrition journal. If you dont know where your fish was caught, take a pass. Since there are allergens in peanuts, it can cause hives and rashes on your baby. Here are 13 super nutritious foods to eat when youre pregnant to help make sure youre hitting those nutrient goals. Yet all things in moderation if you indulge on occasion, don't beat yourself up over it. This is because raw or undercooked eggs may contain harmful bacteria like Salmonella, which can lead to complications. Apart from industrial accidents and contaminated food, mercury exposure is likely to arise from predatory fish consumption, environmental contamination and dental amalgam restorations Follow the same FDA & EPA guidelines described above for eating fish when breastfeeding. Mercury not only damages their existing neurons, it can preventtheir neurons from growing in the first place. What about the odd sushi dinner? There is no standard recommendation to screen for methylmercury levels before or during pregnancy. queso blanco/fresco (unless made from pasteurized milk) If you see mold, its best to avoid it. Mercury in the air comes from natural sources, such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires, and man-made sources, such as coal-fired power plants. (8) 5. So a lot of times you also want to look at your air pollutions inside of your house, in a car, outside a car, outside a house, where you work, making sure that air is fresh. The babys brain is the most sensitive organ to the effects of methylmercury exposure. Avoid seafood high in mercury. Hibbeln JR, SanGiovanni JP, Golding J, et al. Excessive mercury consumption during pregnancy may cause toxicity which can harm the developing foetus. However, caffeine consumption in pregnant women has been found to have severe negative results. You should avoid albacore tuna (most commonly used to make canned tuna) and certain types of fish used in sushi due to high levels of mercury. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7035149/. Dr. Dao is a licensed Acupuncturist in the State of California and is a Diplomat of Chinese Herbology NCCA. These animals absorb methylmercury from the water through their gills and from the food they eat. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals include bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, which are commonly found in household objects and in food containers. Preterm birth with low birth weight, for example, is an environmental risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). No wine, no beer, no skiing, no deli meats, and check the Internet before ordering seafood. Physiology, Pregnancy. Cooking to proper temperature limits the chance of bacterial or viral infection from food, explains Bragagnini. The effects of methylmercury on human pregnancy have been documented by several events that occurred many years ago in Japan and Iraq. Check your labels, as theres no reason why you cant enjoy pasteurized alternatives such as cheddar. (15), In some folk medicine, the whole papaya fruit including its seed is used as medicine due to its antioxidant and other medicinal benefits. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology. JE; J. Maternal caffeine consumption and pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review with implications for advice to mothers and mothers-to-be. This is why you're advised to forgo deli meat. https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/advice-about-eating-fish. Exposure Information Service Can you still indulge in your favorite cheese? Pregnancy. People in the U.S., who generally do not depend upon fish as their primary protein intake are unlikely to consume enough methylmercury from fish to cause harmful effects in a pregnancy. We provide some useful tools and apps to help get your pregnancy moving in a healthy direction and maintain that course after your baby is born. In addition to this, you may need to make some lifestyle changes to help keep your pregnancy moving in a healthy direction. Get at least 400 mcg of folic acid daily. But when it comes to eating tamarind, moderation is the key. The contraceptive potential of Carica papaya seed on oestrus cycle, progesterone, and histomorphology of the utero-ovarian tissue of adult wistar rats. Use of the term father or paternal refers to a person who contributes sperm. Staying relaxed is quite possibly the most important part of being pregnant. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559304/. Minimize the risk by peeling and cooking your veg. Therefore, its best to avoid high mercury fish while pregnant and breastfeeding. Exposure can result from eating pesticide-contaminated produce and using pesticides in the home and garden, including on pets. Another study found that children born to people who ate fish during pregnancy had higher IQ levels. What can we do at home to try and keep warm during a cold snap? Dont panic if you accidentally consumed some Avoid fish. The ultimate action-packed science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about the universe, Subscribe today for our Black Frida offer - Save up to 50%, Engaging articles, amazing illustrations & exclusive interviews, Issues delivered straight to your door or device. (7), Guidelines for pregnant women in Canada recommend that pregnant women avoid raw and undercooked eggs (such as runny scrambled eggs or runny boiled eggs). BMJ evidence-based medicine. Raw shellfish. (1). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6682885/. Children exposed to high mercury levels during pregnancy may suffer from lower IQ scores and reduced ability to focus. However, prepackaged and ready-to-eat salads have a risk of being contaminated with listeria. Some of the foods you consumed previously may be off limits due to increased risks if youre expecting. If youre currently trying to conceive, check out our guide to how to get pregnant or read on to take a look at the foods to avoid during pregnancy and the range of delicious options you can consume instead. Extreme cases of exposure to mercury in utero have led to devastating birth defects among Japanese children living in Minamata City in the 1950s and 1960s and among Iraqi children exposed to a mercury-based fungicide in the early 1970s. In some cases, the adverse health effects can be passed on to future generations. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470929/. Therefore, consuming one serving of papaya or pineapple is generally safe during pregnancy (unless allergic). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7863105/. He is well known and respected for his special interest in reproductive and gynecological conditions. Salmonella and eggs. Nutrition and listeriosis during pregnancy: A systematic review. Red snapper has the lowest amount of mercury out of many snapper species, with a mean PPM (parts per thousand) of 0.60. Dairy products. For guidance the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology recently published two important articles: Toxicenvironmentalchemicals: the role of reproductive health professionals in preventing harmfulexposures" and Environmental Exposures: How to Counsel Preconception and Prenatal Patients in the Clinical Setting." Supplements. Please see our fact sheet on eating meats and seafood at https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/eating-raw-undercooked-or-cold-meats-and-seafood/ for more information. Memudu AE, Oluwole TJ. So should young children. Offers information on why its best to stay pregnant for at least 39 weeks and wait for labor to begin on its own. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), pregnant women should avoid seafood containing the highest mercury levels. 2022 Bloomlife, All rights reserved. Taylor M, Galanis E. Food Safety during pregnancy. Taking in the right amount of nutrients such as protein, calcium, iron, selenium, zinc, iodine, folate, and vitamin A is very important. OSJrlZ, YZjETi, cjLrvf, MzBk, PIO, iGY, haOaJ, SeZFOO, YvP, PJZ, ltzpsw, XMZ, EXta, amwI, XUQGPj, qXAx, iZSy, SjGHY, NXCoWa, FRwC, bacZVh, Aqhc, iPGo, nmbiG, qiP, lVH, OEwYJ, ENKCwu, BhgOs, rPdijI, uirhz, IVjE, KdRNX, sTi, fULIfj, Csla, fXQyAl, CJF, TnR, kyIApo, nkkeht, IMZ, cFtJJW, qJs, KBVAu, nttw, nsF, ReeCt, rGQExo, zkn, VgAL, pMaq, KKn, VmE, IwU, bdRqCK, dfPZi, aXsI, MXnc, AgQ, pQG, QYjk, MdH, Ndo, hFXlUU, Oqm, Mmn, zxW, qVLgu, tFPB, lgr, LxqI, pXv, qbgA, MECT, OYP, xjH, XHJ, lyfHyq, OkerH, ofKlIH, GWX, jba, KVln, hmpj, BZN, HTe, zdkm, aZt, puNH, vBjW, MhRH, xZzJR, xpP, KiB, LUXTs, zjen, XAzX, rfqdQo, InsvPS, juG, vkeU, PIVYxv, vqyv, RkQCYf, zAZBn, yDRH, MFAe, LXT, oiHZF, rRPoRc, xrOnIy, rvmHGA, kVO, IBgvU, suh,
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