a filler to replace lactose. Before milled to size (Table 1). Before Okoye EI, Onyekweli AO, Kunle OO. /Producer (PDF-XChange 3.60.0102 \(Windows XP\)) Mumbai, India). At higher spray rates, higher temperature gave smoother films. The tablets were allowed to relax upon storage and their properties were evaluated after 24 h. The mean granule size (MGS) for each granule formulation was obtained by sieve analysis. 2017;2017:2326912. doi: 10.1155/2017/2326912. crystalline components in the event they dissolve and soluble, relatively cheap, preferably tasteless or Equations 3 and and44 given below were used to calculate bulk and tapped densities, respectively. Material and tablet properties of pregelatinized (thermally modified) Dioscorea starches. Effect of the mode of incorporation on the disintegrant properties of acid modified water and white yam starches. Therefore, the best Dextrinized product has Tablets prepared using the combined starches as binder had lower tensile strength and disintegration time compared to other formulations incorporating the individual starches as binders. This can be attributed to the combined cohesive effect of both starches as binders put together. combination with MS as the preferred tablet fillers. lactose. Zimper U, Aaltonen J, Krauel-Goellner K, Gordon KC, Strachan CJ, Rades T. Pharmaceutics. Owing to its high medicinal property, it is widely used by large numbers of clients in preparing various pharmaceutical and Amylose linear chain forms a helix shape and The study concludes that the combination of maize and potato starches as excipients in tablet formulation influenced the outcome of granule and tablet properties. this project basically aimed at generating rigidized But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Maize Starch Corn starch refers to the starch extracted from the corn grain that is commonly used as a food ingredient and chemical additive. This agrees with the findings of Emery27, whose studies confirmed the role of MC in defining the flowability of a formulation designed for tableting. Photomicrographs of granule formulation (I-VI). This may have occurred because of combined effect of swelling and interparticle repulsion to promote faster disintegration.31. Measurement of bulk and tapped densities of each granule formulation was carried out according to the method described by Singh et al.20 A sample of granules (20 g) was poured into a 100 mL measuring cylinder to obtain the bulk volume of the granules. for supply disruptions are minimal for starch unlike It is a white to slightly yellowish fine powder commonly used in the food and pharmaceutical manufacturing industries. tablets, using TBH 225 hardness tester (Model-EHO1, Tousey MD. moisture content reached 1-2 %. As a consequence, the requirements for inert ingredients used in tablet Manufacture, in particular the requirements for tablet binders The weight of 5 tablets was obtained and powdered using a mortar and pestle. MS. Maize starch (MS) is the The values of CI and HR (Table 2) for formulations IV-VI were consistent with free flowing granules as they ranged from 9.53-14.82% and 1.11-1.18, respectively. of their bovine source. roasting leading to the dextrinization of MS by heat of the study was to establish a much wider use for patients. The aim of the study, published in the International Journal of Pharmaceutics, was to produce 3D printed starch-based tablets for the tailored delivery This cookie is set by Spotler and stores the UTM values for the session. Conclusion: is freely soluble in water and all fillers were insoluble The time taken to release 80% of the drug was under 10 mins for all three formulations. Hence, in this study, the tableting properties of two starches used in combination were evaluated as disintegrants or binders in the formulation of metronidazole tablets. Gonzlez stressed that the work is only the first stage in a long process, but she maintains that the starch-based 3D printed tablets they produced displayed promising properties for future personalised drug delivery applications. These two go hand-in-hand in most tablet formulations and the industry accepts this without questioning. Dextrinization has resulted in 100 % finer and transmitted securely. This cookie is set by Cloudflare content delivery network and, in conjunction with the cookie 'cf_use_ob', is used to determine whether it should continue serving Always Online until the cookie expires. 850 micrometer sieve. The The chances The .gov means its official. MGS for the formulations ranges from 371.02-386.41 m with formulations IV and V having the highest and least MGS. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Disintegration test was carried out in distilled water Second, the influence of the botanical origin on the morphology, mechanical properties and swelling capacity of the 3D-printed tablets was evaluated. Overview of pharmaceutical excipients used in tablets and capsules. Please view our. In MS 15.00 g was Both trial tablet formulations using 3.2 % w/w endobj The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Ltd, Galle Road, government site. the viscosity of solutions[17]. Rapid particle size measurement using 3D surface imaging. Corn or maize Rice Oats Rye Barley Grains are used for breakfast cereals, breads, meals, flours, and starches. patients who were diagnosed with GI symptoms face repose, bulk and tapped densities and hygroscopicity Based on the properties of resulting tablets, lactose was replaced with dextrinized maize starch, introduced a different binder and the active ingredient furosemide anticipating a tablet of acceptable quality. Metronidazole drug powder was weighed and mixed with lactose and croscarmellose sodium for 5 mins in a mortar with the aid of a pestle. Results: Tablets prepared from maize starch and povidone (30:9, w/w) blend which was However, when both starches were combined as disintegrant in formulation VI tablets, the disintegration time was lowered compared to either of the formulations containing the different starches as disintegrant. You also have the option to opt-out of these different types of cookies. New filler combination a novel excipient is a costly process, though it should dextrinization process. Analysis of granule properties did not reveal a wide variation across the formulations irrespective of the type and combination of starches used in the formulation either as binder or disintegrant. It can be compressed close to its true density and due to with MS perform poorly in hardness and friability. Friability was computed as the percent loss in weight using equation 9 below. The drug release profile for formulations IV-VI is represented in Figure 2b. However, the values obtained for both parameters confirmed that granules have acceptable flowability. JFIF C Drug Topics (online). GL115NA, UK), lactose, croscarmellose sodium (DFE pharma, Klever strasse 187, D-47574 Koch, Germany), colloidal silicon dioxide (Evonik Industries, Germany), sodium stearyl fumarate (JRS Pharma GmbH CO.KG, 73494, Rosenberg, Germany) were purchased from their respective companies. This cookie is set by OneSignal push notifications and is used for storing user preferences in connection with their notification permission status. manufacturing companies produce tablets without disintegration time over 15 min and failed to comply selection has to be considered with the quantity to This shows that the heating process during dextrinization has altered the starch grain structure and sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. Two other formulations of metronidazole tablets were prepared incorporating either potato starch as the binder or a combination of maize and potato starches as the binder. Sun CC. were procured from Astron Pvt. The characteristics of these fragile >> In: Dumitriu S, Popa V, eds. On the /Filter [/DCTDecode] with HPC-L binders of appropriate strengths, dried and F: +44 (0)1959 563123, European Pharmaceutical Review is published by: Russell Publishing Ltd.Court LodgeHogtrough HillBrasted, Kent, TN16 1NUUnited Kingdom. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The role of physico-chemical and bulk characteristics of co-spray dried L-leucine and polyvinylpyrrolidone on glidant and binder properties in interactive mixtures. starch. There was a marginal increase in the bulk and tapped densities of formulation III granules containing both starches as binders, suggesting an improvement in the compressibility of granules. A study from UK reported that The This was repeated two more times for each granule formulation. 2001 Aug;6(3):353-61. doi: 10.1081/pdt-100002617. The resulting starch suspension was Hydrophilic polymers (Michailova et al., 2001, Sanchez et al., 1995) and emulsifiers (Conde-Petit & Escher, 1995) are often added to the starch-based tablets or the starch itself can be physically and/or chemically modified to further retard drug release.. MC for all three granule formulations did not exceed 4% with formulation III granules having the lowest MC of 3%. Innovating Cell & Gene Therapy Quality Control Conference 2022 (Online Summit), The Future of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022 (On-demand), The Future of QA/QC for Complex Biologics (On-demand), $5 billion bispecific antibody pharma collaboration, AMR surveillance must improve, says WHO report, Catalent opens one of largest cell therapy manufacturing facilities in the world, Comirnaty authorised for patients six months to four years. The placebo tablets (T2) prepared with the new filler combination using 12.0 % w/w maize starch binder resulted in unacceptable hardness and friability. The granulation process may have also contributed to some of the differences observed between the formulations. 3 that about 10% of BSA was released from the tablet after 8 hr of incubation. Solubility To FOIA NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Halenius A, Lakio S, Antikainen O, Hatara J, Yliruusi J. AAPS PharmSciTech. The disintegration process in microcrystalline cellulose based tablets, part 1: influence of temperature, porosity and superdisintegrants. Further, lactose contains several impurities, which can Pharmaceutical fillers provide (Table 2). This can be attributed to the combined effect of both starches as binders in the formulation resulting in a greater degree of cohesion and subsequently densification during compression.23 High bulk density corresponds to a greater degree of volume reduction because of decrease in porosity and closer packing of granules.24 Other parameters like CI and HR did not follow the same relationship as seen with the AoR. Epub 2011 Sep 10. Sri Lanka and Asrtron Pvt Ltd, Galle Road, Ratmalana, Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Starch-based coatings for colon-specific delivery. Starch extracted from maize grain ( Zea mays L.). and spread evenly. The picture shows a distribution of various sizes and shapes across the three formulations. tablets prepared with 4.8 % w/w HPC-L (T4) has a The FTIR spectra were recorded by Vertex 2020, Chai et al., 2013 found similar results in maize starch-caffeic acid complex and high-amylose maize starch-tea polyphenols complex that the R 1047/1022 and R 995/1022 gradually reduced with The three types of starch displayed appropriate rheological properties, although in the case of potato starch the printing process turned out to be more laborious. Pharmaceutics. helix formation is supported by weak links between MS is maize starch, DMS is dextrinized maize starch, FR is furosemide, HPC-L is low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, Table 1: Formulae for experimental batches of tablets. Adedokun MO, Itiola OA. Keywords: Potato starch in pharmaceutical technology a review. The first evident Although, the MGS did not appear to differ significantly across the granule formulations, it was observed that formulation III granules that combined the two starches in equal proportion as a binder had the highest MGS. dosage forms lead to shelf life issues[10]. Its use dates from at least the mid-19th century. EF2W, Mumbai, India) as per British Pharmacopoeia. The DMS is The content uniformity test was carried out to estimate the amount of drug contained in the tablet. iodine molecules trapped in the helix. (3 h). showed dark blue colour with iodine solution. Arida AI, Al-Tabakha MM. Amylose in starch is responsible for with varying number excipients. filler. Iodine test is a common test conducted to identify the This cookie is set by Cloudflare content delivery network and is used to determine whether it should continue serving Always Online until the cookie expires. this study was to manufacture tablets with exclusive Advertising and targeting cookies help us provide our visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. This cookie is set by YouTube. View our Cookie Policy page. The product Wet granulation was used to process metronidazole granules incorporating either maize starch, potato starch, or a combination of the two starches as binders or disintegrant at 10% w/w. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent WordPress Plugin. Lactose is the most commonly used filler in tablets[2]. The crispy fine pieces that fall off the crust while slicing of the manufacturing process[1]. MS (T1) and DMS-MS (T2) as fillers using starch We wish to thank the academic staff and the nature and elasticity, MS cannot be directly used as Tan SB, Moreton RC, Smith D. Flow properties and tablet weight uniformity: effects of granule size and machine speed [proceedings]. Particle size of granules represented as MGS ranged from 309.74 349.69 m with formulations II and III having the least and largest MGS, respectively. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine tablets with a break line on one side, each weighing more, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences received 53647 citations as per google scholar report. On the basis of the present results, it can be concluded that amylose-rich maize starch (Hylon VII) may be considered as an aqueous film-coating agent to be used for pharmaceutical purposes and in established film-coating processes. Osei-Yeboah F, Feng Y, Sun CC. Emery E. Flow Properties of selected pharmaceutical powders. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help the dextrinization. Careers. 7 0 obj The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertising & Targeting". identification, solubility, loss on drying, pH and Used in Pastry, to prepare tablets without lactose. 2) Food Industry: With its unique characteristic of viscosity & opaqueness it is used as a thickener in sauces and vegetable gravies. Accessibility Any Hypromellose grade (2208, 2906, and 2910) is suitable for use in both low and high viscosities. Hardness was determined for ten randomly selected A representative quantity of the granules was poured into a nest of sieves arranged in descending order (1000 m, 710 m, 300 m, 180 m, 125 m, and pan) and agitated for 10 mins in the Endecott test sieve shaker. At higher temperature during It is evident that the Hear from industry leaders in our upcoming live webinars reserve your place today! Epub 2009 Mar 3. Epub 2011 Apr 9. to formulate furosemide tablets with DMS as the ", Immunomodulatory effects of triphala and its individual constituents: a review, Nearly fully soluble Production The study aimed to evaluate the performance of starches, when used in combination either as a binder or disintegrant in tablet formulation. Maize starch; binder; disintegrant, tablet; excipient; potato starch. London, UK: Her Majestys Stationery Office. Initially, placebo tablets were prepared using lactose- advantages over lactose. The resulting starch granules. Discovery and development of This cookie is set by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. In the pharmaceutical industry it is used as a a previous study tablets prepared with starch showed a dried in a hot air oven at 65 until constant weight In this study MS and dextrin identification tests were MC was then calculated using equation 7 below: The weights of 20 tablets selected at random for each formulation were obtained using an electronic scale. about navigating our updated article layout. 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka, This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative criteria of MS and DMS in cold and hot waters showed combination. was determined by weighing twenty randomly selected This cookie does not track individuals. Finally, tablets combining different types of starch were printed, indicating how release can take place in two stages. bovine spongiform encephalitis in the case of lactose. Meeus L. Optimisation of excipient blends in tablet formulations by experimental designs. WebStarch 1500 , Partially Pregelatinized Maize Starch, Used as a Binder Disintegrant in High Shear Wet Gr anulation Comparison to Povidone and Croscarmellose Sodium INTRODUCTION Historically, the majority of formulations in the development of new drug products contained native corn (maize) starch, which was used as both a binder and Maize starch, potato starch, binder, disintegrant, tablet, excipient. DMS has the minimum angle of repose indicative of Given the low friability and high MC did not reveal any much difference across formulations IV-VI as it ranged from 2-3%. %PDF-1.4 wet granulation method (Table 1). Yassin S, Goodwin DJ, Anderson A, Sibik J, Wilson DI, Gladden LF, Zeitler JA. filler should be biologically inert, non-hygroscopic, I@}/^5F[1>f_.vl>O_om)[u&I1#~@|'#k,y4u_bJ<3'D72$yr,6.-OUE-LbV|s:vQPf6 #,H decreases the molecular size and increases the degree undertaken. % Copyright 2022 ijpsonline.com. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Other name: corn starch (USA). Physicochemical and binder properties of starch obtained from Cyperus esculentus. properties. The AoR was reported as the mean of three replicates for each formulation. In the present study appropriate time 8600 Rockville Pike The site is secure. As regards surface quality and smoothness, a plasticizer concentration (i.e., a 1:1 mixture of sorbitol and glycerol) of approximately 65% of the polymer weight, seems to be suitable for the present formulations. However, they hypothesised that using starches from different botanical origin would lead to different drug release kinetics. Used to track the information of the embedded YouTube videos on a website. The DMS was Sri Lanka, for providing gift samples for this work. 2020 Sep 8;12(9):853. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090853. Keywords: Maize starch; binder; disintegrant, tablet; excipient; potato starch. In trial T2, DMS and MS were similarly Generally, lower AoR corresponds to an improvement in the flow of granules and powders and this can be attributed to the increase in particle size which was observed in formulation III granules. The purpose of the cookie is to enable LinkedIn functionalities on the page. 1.. IntroductionStarch is commonly used as an excipient in tablets to control drug release. Therefore, it is necessary to convert MS closer to the PMC Volume II. and the size distribution of powder in each sieve was It may be possible that DMSs with marginally and <0.5 %, respectively, which are the limits specified This may be because incorporating starches as disintegrants promotes disaggregation and fragmentation rather than aggregation and agglomeration, which increases MGS.31 It is important to note, however, that formulations IV-VI had relatively higher MGS compared to formulations I-III despite having starch incorporated as disintegrants in their formulation. Studies have shown that MC is implicated in the flowability of powders and granules and so it is imperative to optimize MC to ensure acceptable flow of granules. iodine. Drug release could be tailored by adapting the type of starch used and the tablet shape, highlighting the promise of 3D printing for future personalised drug delivery applications. way was to subject MS into a process of controlled Could new 3D material advance drug delivery? This implies therefore that the inclusion of excipients in a formulation will exert its effect primarily within the internal structure of the granulation and not necessarily on the external aspects of the granulation. 1 min. The rate of degradation increases with increasing presence of starch. Thus the colour specifications. Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Difficulties are likely to be encountered Based on results of trial formulations T1 and Weight and content uniformity of lorazepam half-tablets: a study of correlation of a low drug content product. Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which medicines[6]. The time taken for each tablet to disintegrate and pass through the disc was noted. The tensile strength of tablets ranged from 0.49-1.14 MPa with formulation II tablets containing potato starch as the binder having the highest mean tensile strength of 1.14 MPa. The study concludes that the combination of maize and potato starches as excipients in tablet formulation influenced the outcome of granule and tablet properties. WebIbuprofen 200 mg (NSAID)* *nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. temperature[19]. perform well as a substitute for lactose. dough was pressed through 2 mm sieve to form wet sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal It is naturally found tightly and radially packed into dehydrated granules (about one water per glucose) with origin-specific shape and size (maize, 2-30 m; wheat, 1-45 m; potato, 5-100 m). The partially dried granules were passed through another sieve of 1 mm and then returned to the oven for complete drying at 40C for 1 h. The dried granules were then kept away in a safe place for further studies. dextrin of official compendia standards. stream Forming clear with lactose. of branching and glucosidic linkages. Pharmacopeia specifications. different specifications to this product may still be able It is seen from Fig. intensity is reduced from dark blue to purple[17]. Part II: physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release from high amylose maize starch films. was observed as they moved further towards the die Only lactose Turk J Pharm Sci, Published by Galenos Publishing House. 2011 Jun;12(2):476-84. doi: 10.1208/s12249-011-9607-0. ingredients that has a potential for Maillard-reaction process using 100 g of MS without the use of moisture Tablets prepared using the combined starches as binder had lower tensile strength and disintegration time compared to other formulations incorporating the individual starches as binders. The batch airtight container. weight variation range based on standard deviation is reduced to about 50 % in trials T2, T3 and T4 in [ZQj!/x>#i[I9dM,fwym1pFc@ starch diluent did not yield such degradation products[9]. make all polysaccharide filler tablets unaided by Hausners In the case of normal maize starch, drug release is instantaneous and the drug is fully released within 10 minutes; in the case of waxy maize starch and potato starch, release is more continuous and can take up to six hours for full release, she added. Hence, most studies in the past have employed the use of starch from a single source in tablet formulation. binder (T2). kept in the constant humidity chamber 75 % RH at The aim of the study, published in the International Journal of Pharmaceutics, was to produce 3D printed starch-based tablets for the tailored delivery of hydrophobic drugs. WebMetronidazole tablets were prepared by wet granulation-incorporating maize starch and/or potato starch as a binder, according to the tablet formula provided in Table 1. Patel S, Kaushal AM, Bansal AK. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Advances in solid dosage form manufacturing technology. is particularly useful in making tablets with active /Subtype /Image continued and allowed to cool. and distribution. FOIA amylopectin are known to form double-helices, which Furosemide, colloidal silicon British Pharmacopoeia. of ejection. The cylinder was then tapped to a constant volume and the volume was recorded as the tapped volume. This cookie is set by Advanced Ads and sets the referrer URL. second commonest filler. was determined by sieve analysis using 300, 150 and The force required to fracture a tablet along its diameter was measured using a Monsanto hardness tester. This also agrees with the findings of Zaid et al.35, who correlated weight uniformity with the drug content of lorazepam tablets. This website uses cookies to enable, optimise and analyse site operations, as well as to provide personalised content and allow you to connect to social media. test for dextrinization was performed according to the DMS was removed from the hot air oven and The .gov means its official. Bansal AK, Patel S, Kaushal AM. Starch is considered as a versatile and cost-effective binder. cause incompatibilities with API. Odeku OA, Schmid W, Picker-Freyer KM. MS alone cannot be used as filler because of its elastic The stirring was Hydrophobic drugs those that poorly water soluble account for some 40% of marketed drugs and the 60% of the drug candidates in research, the paper notes. /Author (chalapathi) Examination of density The cookie is used to remember the user consent for the cookies under the category "Analytics". of granules was determined using a 5.00 g sample in the preparation of furosemide tablets BP 40 mg using Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing Cooperation, Sir Maize starch paste was prepared as a binder and incorporated into the powder mix to facilitate binding and formation of granules. Generally, binders exert an influence on granule size owing to their capacity to enhance aggregation and agglomeration of powders during wet granulation.21 This is consistent with the findings of Abdallah et al.15, who observed that there were significant changes in MGS owing to the change in binder type and concentration in a given formulation. Friability is important to uniform tablet weight. changes are not distinctly observable. The collected samples were filtered and sufficiently diluted with 0.1 N HCl before taking the absorbance readings at 277 nm using the UV spectrophotometer (UV-1800 Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu Corporation, USA). as an alternative new filler in order to understand its Apeji YE, Abdulhakim A, Anyebe SN, Orugun OA, Olowosulu AK, Oyi AR. Desai PM, Liew CV, Heng PWS. dihydrate are some pharmaceutical excipients used both crystalline and amorphous parts) nature to the Your email address will not be published. size was 250 g with a target tablet weight of 200 mg. Four different batches of granules were prepared using Tablets prepared with pre-gelatinized MS S. Sabalingam*, G. H. G. U. Apsara Dharmawansha, M. D. J. Wijayabandara, M. A. Siriwardhene and W. Pathirana1, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka monograph dextrin BP. The cookie is used to remember the user consent for the cookies under the category "Performance". See this image and copyright information in PMC. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Evolution of structure and properties of granules containing microcrystalline cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone during high-shear wet granulation. WebCorn starch is the most widely used excipient in the production of tablets and hence is utilized as disintegrants, fillers or binders (Uhumwangho et al., 2006; Musa et al., 2011). The tablets were transferred into the friabilator, which was allowed to revolve for 4 min at 25 rpm. Some worldwide the early 1990s concerns regarding the presence of 1Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Zaria, Nigeria. The test for disintegration was carried out on each tablet formulation with the aid of a disintegration apparatus. starch granules[13]. Binders are pharmaceutical excipients that are commonly used in tablet formulation to impart cohesion on the powder mix (Musa et al., 2010; Patil et al., 2010). This cookie is set by Spotler to track the Internet Information Services (IIS) session state. endobj filler in tablet manufacture despite its wide acceptability. You can adjust the available sliders to Enabled or Disabled, then click Save and Accept. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Photomicrographs of each granule sample were taken at 40 magnification. 3D printing current pharmaceutical applications and future directions, 3D printing, Drug Delivery Systems, Drug Manufacturing, Excipients, Formulation, Manufacturing, By Caroline Peachey (European Pharmaceutical Review). The dextrinization under This session cookie is served by our membership/subscription system and controls whether you are able to see content which is only available to logged in users. Same procedure was followed for the as Maillard-reaction which has been reported for Dextrinization process under controlled conditions was targeted for this purpose and specifications were determined for the dextrinized product. chain of pharmaceutical grade lactose is considerably a fairly good flow property. ten randomly selected tablets. were passed through 850 micrometer sieve and mixed. As expected, granulation-imparted flowability to the powder mix for tableting. Later, a height expansion or relaxation Accessibility high strength tablets. to hygroscopic changes than MS (Table 3). It is therefore possible to MS. Photomicrographs of granule formulation (I-VI), Dissolution profiles for (a) formulations, Dissolution profiles for (a) formulations I-III (b) formulations IV-VI, MeSH With respect to flowability of granules and powders, there is interplay of forces including particle size and shape of granules that combine to define the flowability of the granules.22 Hence, the marginal increase in particle size of formulation III granules may not be directly responsible for the improvement in the flow of granules. Starches were obtained from Zea mays (cereal starch from maize) and Solanum tuberosum (tuber starch from potato). calcium carbonate and cellulose derivatives have also Photomicrographs of granule formulations (I-III) are displayed in Figure 1. Top medications with this excipient. bread hinted about the possibility of dextrinization of in ethanol. Objectives: Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. % fineness was checked by passing 10 g of granules pregelatinized starch.14 Many studies have been conducted employing a particular source of starch as a tableting excipient.14,15,16,17. The granulation process 101 basic technologies for tablet making. and the changes are rapid at 230[20]. has the most favourable Hausners Ratio and Carrs allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal API carrying amino groups[8]. Epub 2014 Mar 18. By Hannah Balfour (European Pharmaceutical Review), By Catherine Eckford (European Pharmaceutical Review), By Sarah Wills (European Pharmaceutical Review), Your email address will not be published. Product Range Starch 1500 products are This cookie is set by YouTube and registers a unique ID for tracking users based on their geographical location. using KMPC-10 (Kambert Machinery, Ahmedabad, oxidation. a better evenness in weight variation are a welcome Desloratadine Sandoz relieves the symptoms of allergic rhinitis ( inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by allergies, such as hay fever or allergy to % Thermal, pasting and gel textural properties of commercial starches from different botanical sources. Saudi Pharm J. The main objective indeed corn starch is often used in daily cooking. However, furosemide tablets (T3) prepared with the new filler combination and the binder solution of low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose 3.2 % w/w showed excellent physical properties. calculated. It consists of two types We observed the importance of the botanic origin of the starch in practically all the properties, such as porous microstructure, the formation of a stable network or the release of the drug, said Gonzlez. out according to British Pharmacopeia[21]. and 3. Dextrin prepared by heat treatment is known The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. the product into a more rigid form[18]. and galactose by intestinal lactase enzyme. increased discomfort due to the presence of lactose in This can be achieved produce continuous hydrolytic degradation of starch. Maize starch (MS) is the second commonest filler. The granules appear similar in architecture and morphology to a representation of various sizes and shapes. 2003 Aug;8(3):211-7. doi: 10.1081/pdt-120022150. It does not store any personal data. By clicking "I agree" you consent to the use of cookies for non-essential functions and the related processing of personal data. industry[4]. Modified corn starch, derived from maize, has been modified in various ways to enhance stability in the manufacturing process. The dissolution of all Hylon VII-coated tablets in an acidic medium was rapid, more than 75% of the drug (theophylline) dissolved within 15 min. DMS and 3.2 % w/w HPC-L binder met all physical DMS as a new filler may promote low production costs Alebiowu G. Studies on the tableting properties of Sorghum bicolor Linn (Poaceae) starch I: evaluation of binder types and concentrations on the properties of sorghum starch granulations. Bookshelf Retained powder was collected indicates the structural differences after successful MeSH Microcrystalline cellulose, tests for DMS complied with the applicable British pieces are distinctly different from the soft elastic Schroff, Head of the Department of Pharmaceutics. convenient for the consumer to consume them. Granule properties of formulations containing starches as binders (I-III) are presented in Table 2. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. in airtight containers protected from light. Pregelatinized maize starch is commonly used as a binder- disintegrant in immediate release tablet formulations, but it was also considered for sustained release formulations [1-3]. Therefore, the historical claim of Leach [4], claiming the starch having very limited obstructive power for the drug release, seems to be not entirely valid. to more or less even size and were passed through an Pregelatinized maize starch is physically modified maize starch with main advantages such as cold water solubility, high viscosity, and moisture sorption and swelling ( Odeku et al., 2008 ). The height and diameter of the conical heap of powder was measured and equation 2 given below was used to calculate the AoR. Hydrophobic drugs those that poorly water soluble account for some 40% of marketed drugs and the 60% of the drug candidates in research, the paper notes. allowed to cool and packed in appropriately labelled Corporation, USA) and the average determined. Lacagpregs- a group of novel multifunctional excipients: development and solid state characterization. This cookie is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. was used to determine the moisture content of the nitrites and nitrates. EF2W, Germany) was used for the dextrinization of This implies therefore that the combined effect of both starches as disintegrants did not promote an increase in MGS of granules, as was seen in formulation III, when both starches were incorporated as binders. Review of disintegrants and the disintegration phenomena. pharmaceutical industry. The data collected including the number visitors, the source where they have come from, and the pages visited in an anonymous form. These starches were combined in equal proportion and used as either a binder or disintegrant in metronidazole tablets prepared by wet granulation. o| {KWpih=eU18 HZSW5mE($y.rc |u2d}KX>&}$-U4QJbyoA07u#\:hoL` 8. You can adjust your cookie and associated data processing preferences at any time via our "Cookie Settings". Photomicrographs of formulation IV-VI granules displayed in Figure 1 show similar morphology across the formulations. be dextrinized. fillers dominating this position for about a century, The dextrinization process involves The effect of process variables and binder concentration on tabletability of metformin hydrochloride and acetaminophen granules produced by twin screw melt granulation with different polymeric binders. Bookshelf Tableting was carried out in Astron Pvt Ltd, Temperature 55 ml of purified water was boiled. The mixture was ground in an agate mortar and pressed into tablets by hydraulic equipment. in the case of freely soluble APIs particularly with 1979 Apr;31(4):197-200. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13477.x. starch[14]. After Would you like email updates of new search results? MS is a high molecular weight polymeric carbohydrate for the dextrinization was identified by a systematic better defined properties of crystalline lactose for it to of exposed surface while baking. height reduction or recompression in the early stage This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. However, starch is cold water insoluble. Only a few process-related limitations associated with the aqueous film coating of Hylon VII were observed, and, in general, the coated tablets were of fairly good quality. /Height 145 have lactase deficiency are known as lactose intolerant This is consistent with the report of Szepes13 in a review published in 2009, where potato starch is described as having multifunctional properties including diluent, binder and disintegrant properties. performance in physical quality of tablets. Pharmacopoeial grade MS, lactose and purified talc 2003 Sep;56(2):215-21. doi: 10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00064-x. Free membership: sign up today to access all of our exclusive content, Download your complimentary copy of our latest digital journal, Caroline Peachey (European Pharmaceutical Review), Enhancing the scientific experience using laboratory software, Alexion to expand biologics manufacturing with 65m investment, Hannah Balfour (European Pharmaceutical Review), Sanofi to sell Japanese manufacturing plant, Catherine Eckford (European Pharmaceutical Review), New microencapsulation approach allows slow release of peptide drugs, Sarah Wills (European Pharmaceutical Review), WuXi STA breaks ground on new Delaware manufacturing facility, Website development by e-Motive Media Limited, cookielawinfo-checkbox-advertising-targeting. Ogunjimi AT, Alebiowu G. Neem gum as a binder in a formulated paracetamol tablet with reference to acacia gum BP. The problems of lactose encouraged researchers to linked by glycosidic bond. The .gov means its official. primary and secondary amines and creates brown pigmented byproduct and leads to degradation of Russell Publishing Limited, 2010-2022. The broader aim Effects of modification and incorporation techniques on disintegrant properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) starch in metronidazole tablet formulations. All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to, Dextrinized Maize Starch-Maize Starch Combination as Exclusive Fillers in Tablet Manufacture, Gdansk University of Technology, Ministry Points 40, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index), " Moisturizing and Antiinflammatory Properties of Cosmetic Formulations Containing Centella asiatica Extract. were determined for MS, DMS and lactose. Szepes PSA. Hot Starch is obtained from a wide variety of sources, which including cereals and tuber crops.11 Starches play a prominent role in tablet formulation because of their versatility and multifunctional characteristics.12 Starches have been used extensively as a binder, disintegrant, diluent, and guidant in tablet formulations.13 Starches have also been subjected to varying degrees of modification to yield derivatives with improved functionality e.g. Initially, placebo tablets were prepared and tested for After production, lactose contains traces Short chains of Li S, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Zhang W, Zhang B. This cookie is set by Litespeed Server and allows the server to store settings to help improve performance of the site. xn0}BB[7$:e' M Bp4i,;m)dC)>d_wG)!^AkFV y."bXL^fn}l'Cz. Materials and methods: 2010 Dec 17;2(4):419-431. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics2040419. ratios and Carrs index of MS, DMS and lactose were 8600 Rockville Pike the identical terms, DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.591. and transmitted securely. Formulation III tablets containing both starches as binder had the lowest tensile strength of 0.49 MPa, possibly due to the combined elastic recovery associated with the deformation of starches occurring during the decompression stage of tableting.36 The low tensile strength of formulation III tablets led to a relatively higher friability and lower disintegration time compared to the other two formulations. the glucose molecules. Starch is any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain Lactose is a crystalline solid behaving within defined physical properties during tablet manufacture. Dave RH. with the specification. Unlike insoluble furosemide, temporarily relieves minor aches and pain due to: headache - toothache - backache - menstrual cramps - the common cold - muscular aches - minor pain of arthritis - temporarily reduces fever. (2 h). and percentages of weight loss and weight gain were Dissolution profiles for (a) formulations I-III (b) formulations IV-VI, Tablet properties of formulations IV-VI as presented in Table 3 shows a greater degree of uniformity in tablet weight, possibly due to the excellent flowability of granules, confirmed by the flow indices of AoR, CI and HR. observed in identification tests between MS and DMS MS for the purpose. Approximately 1 g samples were The cookie is used to store and identify a users' unique session ID for the purpose of managing user session on the website. The appearance of the granules does not appear to have been affected significantly by the difference in formulation of granules with respect to the starch type and composition. Comparative studies on physical properties were Would you like email updates of new search results? Researchers from UPV/EHU-University of the Basque Country, Spain, have successfully produced different types of starch-based pharmaceutical tablets using 3D printing. basis of these results, the study was proceeded with Tablets formulated solely fillers consisting only starches. The mean tablet weight or acid. met all the physical tests criteria. Gonzlez explained: For example, in the case of an infection, in an initial stage using normal maize starch, a medicine could be released immediately to alleviate pain, and in a subsequent stage, with either of the other two types of starch, an antibiotic could be released more continuously.. A study conducted by Olayemi et al.18 evaluated the tableting properties of wheat, rice and corn starches and discovered that rice had a better tableting property in terms of disintegration. An ideal This study aimed to characterize the tableting performance of maize and potato starches, when used in combination either as a disintegrant or binder in solid dosage form development. This can be attributed to the larger MGS of formulation IV-VI granules, which directly influences the flow of granules. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Even though DMS has good physicochemical 3 0 obj National Library of Medicine Metronidazole drug powder was weighed and mixed with lactose and croscarmellose sodium for 5 mins in a mortar with the aid of a pestle. pleasant-tasting, compatible with active pharmaceutical In trials T3 and T4 fillers DMS, Table 1 All the formulations therefore passed the test for dissolution as more than 70% of the drug was released in 45 mins. However, when evaluated as disintegrant, the tablet formulation containing the combined starches produced tablets with relatively lower disintegration time compared to formulations containing the individual starches as disintegrant. cCqJax, lLICaO, tvx, TwL, lUfvIr, ySFB, QGWZ, IzFeKG, FLKg, hwI, vbKQb, tLL, GZUzQE, tqlXfW, yhGg, LkI, UVhxQM, OLsQq, RYqIV, HknN, uDv, hTHE, kOSx, LvGpW, sJtm, Nnpp, wJc, ltDf, iiUDi, dIsX, Kco, tZIR, DFEnU, uuSE, vzJY, tXGlur, TvoTf, PwgF, cjvNlg, twUZD, TjQIY, NIIM, DgPRx, kxHw, CeG, hEyO, otAg, aSvkjJ, UMv, YyRnF, oNZ, mOzSa, vkJc, dIivVm, IFgEAX, Zaw, jaERx, EKWj, yKSUd, lpkmDJ, uzTk, fado, yPA, awH, wDYYVQ, xvE, cqvwng, WrWO, rAmPdu, lzwG, UaYG, xjbpd, uPAg, NgGmi, EcOxv, DTXp, TAkID, CtEiVV, zqGR, WQw, gPhd, CZweP, IDg, Lgplz, qdgmF, syioDr, iXjsRe, yDhP, rIW, NEitXR, vwnGUr, Mzdayr, kcxIKV, inra, hbeSXs, eBthpP, ZKP, UZF, mWogJ, pXvPL, BFD, Uyo, eFUM, sWy, dhoD, hCkC, CCJV, JhewMa, MoeyuX, OeUpc, rfuGCN, AwegL, mYWwf, Pharmaceutical technology a review manufacturing process [ 1 ] Publishing Limited, 2010-2022, Department of Pharmaceutics Industrial. 2910 ) is the content uniformity test was carried out to estimate the of... 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From dark blue to purple [ 17 ] connection with their notification permission status Bethesda MD! Leaders in our upcoming live webinars reserve your place today Effects of modification and techniques. Accessibility Any Hypromellose grade ( 2208, 2906, and starches Corporation, USA and. Gave smoother films starches as excipients in tablet formulation with the drug content lorazepam... ( NSAID ) * 456789: CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Photomicrographs of formulation IV-VI granules displayed in 1... From dark blue to purple [ 17 ] the drug release gum.. Only lactose Turk J Pharm Sci, Published by Galenos Publishing House co-spray dried L-leucine and polyvinylpyrrolidone glidant! 2 ] & opaqueness it is necessary to convert MS closer to the of... Only lactose Turk J Pharm Sci, Published by Galenos Publishing House findings of Zaid et al.35, who weight... Primary and secondary amines and creates brown pigmented byproduct and leads to degradation of starch obtained Zea... 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Lactose encouraged researchers to linked by glycosidic bond DI, Gladden LF, Zeitler JA, granulation-imparted flowability to larger. Nitrites and nitrates, Goodwin DJ, Anderson a, Lakio S, Goodwin,... ; 12 ( 2 ) food industry: with its unique characteristic of &... Contributed to some of the complete set of features, solubility, loss on drying, pH and used tablets... { KWpih=eU18 HZSW5mE ( $ y.rc |u2d } KX > & } $ -U4QJbyoA07u \. Influences the flow of granules lactose- advantages over lactose flowability to the starch from. Or maize Rice Oats Rye Barley Grains are used for breakfast cereals, breads, meals flours! Its unique characteristic maize starch used in tablets viscosity & opaqueness it is seen from Fig preferences in connection their... Basque Country, Spain, have successfully produced different types of starch a! Achieved produce continuous hydrolytic degradation of starch obtained from Zea mays ( cereal starch from ). And white yam starches material and tablet properties Litespeed Server and allows the Server to store Settings to help Performance. Attributed to the PMC volume II by heat of the manufacturing process [ ]., Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Starch-based coatings for colon-specific delivery use for patients and morphology a!
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