Material consumption will go up. Defects can be the result of many different causes. That is why applying the Pareto principle helps keep waste to a minimum. But sometimes, particularly in the food industry, there are outside forces over which you have little or no control. Overproduction. In a manufacturing process, a defect might involve a defective part that has to be remade. This type of waste is the most critical waste type to control since it involves the other six wastes. what is the waste of defects in maintenance? Labor hours spent on this product would increase if the rework is small. Over the years, it has been called a number of things. The waste that is generated by defects is defined as every effort that goes into creating the defect, containing it . We also implement standard operations procedures (SOP) and training to ensure that the correct methods are undertaken and standards achieved. The 8th waste of non-utilized talent was later included in the 1990s after TPS was adopted in the Western World. Movement of files and documents from one location to another. ZQC has been credited with helping to make the Japanese manufacturing industry one of the most efficient in the world. The last scenario to consider is scrap. The grading categories may be: While premium-grade products have the highest profit and lower grades have increasingly less, defects are not necessarily deemed a total loss. On page 59 of "Toyota Production System: Beyond Large Scale Production", Taiichi Ohno says: [W]e frequently see people working ahead. As an example: a floor that has not been installed according to the correct instructions or a well-built wall that is being damaged by the electrician 2/ Unnecessary actions Another type of waste is double execution during the production process, such as transformation of- or a double handling of the material. When the Toyota Production System was adopted in the Western world in the 1990s, the 8th waste of non-utilized talent or 'Skills' of workers was introduced. A score of 80 and above is considered world class. Examples include: workers waiting on material, production stopped for equipment cool downs or maintenance, and too many reviews required before process continues. But lets be honest. Description: Products, services or information are incomplete or inaccurate; Examples: Products or services fail inspection and require rework, review or retesting; products are returned due to defects; . This is an unnecessary movement of people and/or equipment in order to perform the jobs at hand. Transportation Waste Unnecessary movements of parts and raw materials are made during production, which can cause damage to them. Overseas materials as well as some domestic materials, are not so easily replaced. The poultry industry is a prime example of using a plan B to handle defects. They are often referred to by the acronym 'TIMWOOD'. Misdiagnoses in healthcare that lead to unnecessary tests or treatment. We fail to maintain our equipment, machines and fixtures allowing defects to occur. Examples of wastes of Defects Scrap produced by poorly maintained fixtures. Defects - Products or services that are out of specification that require resources to correct. Having the proper steps, procedures, materials, and reports available in a CMMS would have prevented this circumstance by ensuring that all of the work that took place was done to specification and recorded for future reference.. Materials that have been damaged or made incorrectly, or work that needs to be repaired, replaced, or redone due to mistakes are all known as the waste we call defects. Transportation. Many defects are caused by incorrect method due to non-standard operations, differences in the way that processes are undertaken by different operators on different shifts. There are many techniques out there to help you to identify and eliminate wastes; however within lean manufacturing we wish to prevent them occurring in the first place. In addition, there will be costs associated with sorting the product to determine whether or not this defect was a one-off or if there are multiple parts with defects. However, most manufacturers fall into the 60 and above classification. Taiichi Ohno and Toyota perfected and popularized Lean through their creation of the Toyota Production System (TPS), or the original seven wastes: Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Extra-Processing and Defects. Learning about the 8 types of waste in Lean on a jobsite is an important step in your Lean journey, because the first step to overcoming waste is being able to understand and identify them. An example of this could be right before a concrete pour. Waiting - Waiting for the previous step in the process to complete. Building mockups to coordinate installation sequence between trade partners, evaluate proposed design aesthetics, ensure construction details, or to test performance will minimize issues that can emerge when work is installed in the field. The lean method of production is a philosophy developed by the Toyota Production System. In addition, the goal is to achieve "zero defects" or products free of errors and meet customer requirements. Just a few examples of over-processing include the following. An early example of the waste of defects occurred when Johnson & Johnson had to discard a batch of its COVID-19 vaccine due to contamination with another company's vaccine. Be aware that not all defects are the result of defective machinery or processing. Do Our Trade Partners Deserve a Second Chance? Machinists Need to Know These Lean Principles, The Best Ways to Reduce Waste in Automotive Manufacturing, 5 Ways Lean Can Help Create Better Power Plants, 5 Practical Ways to Incorporate Lean Inventory Management Best Practices, The Ultimate Guide to Implementing an Effective Lean Maintenance Plan. Access a full range of training and consulting online through our Lean Coach: If You would like more information you can contact the Author ( T Earley ) using the contact form: The Author has more than 25 years experience of working in the Automotive, construction and Consulting Industries in Lean Manufacturing, six sigma, quality management and other business improvement techniques and philosophies. Inventory Waste - Excessive stock of supplies (some getting expired) 3. This is often done to cover an underlying problem. Standardizing all work and performing regular detection of abnormalities is the way to go. Finally, there's a way to move forward and rework all 100 pieces. Poor process design Equipment out of calibration/maintenance No process control Not good enough materials Understanding customer expectations and needs is critical to succeeding in business, not only to prevent defects. Labour costs will increase. Employees and customers waiting. Waste caused by defects in the lean manufacturing product needs to be addressed. The 8 types of waste are as follows: Defects Overproduction Waiting Non-utilized Talent Transportation Inventory Motion Extra-processing These are commonly abbreviated with the acronym DOWNTIME. Examples: Tying up capital in stock, raw materials, work in progress or finished goods without having adequate demand; Examples: Manually moving stock to a staging area and dropping off material and picking it back up to deliver to . They actually had 20 years worth. In a perfect world, our parts, components, and products are made perfectly the first time every time. 9. This will allow you not just to survive as a business but to thrive in todays global markets. Examples include: changes to the schedule on the day of surgery that are not communicated to the patient, wrong site surgery, improperly filled medications at a pharmacy, distributing medication. Waiting. Multiple hand-offs. They are often referred to by the acronym 'TIMWOOD'. Remember, for every defective product produced, throughput is negatively effected. Make sure workers can get to a space to install the work without damaging other work. It may be difficultif not impossibleto address all defects found in lean manufacturing processes. Examples of defects waste include: Incorrect data entry for orders; Incorrect or missing deliveries; Returned inventory without the appropriate paperwork; What Are the Common Causes of Defects Waste? A pre-installation meeting is a great opportunity to make sure that your trade partners have reviewed specific concerns before work is installed in the field. Weak or missing processes. As well see, there are many opportunities for reducing lean manufacturing waste. Hospital-acquired conditions. Improper deployment of tools, poor specifications, and poor quality can require a lot of time and money to resolve an issue. Another typical example occurs in many offices. Submittal/Shop drawing note review reviewing submittals and shop drawings with the installation team before work is put into place is a great way to prevent a defect from occurring in the field. Even people operating from a single workstation could be forced to waste time through motion. Examples of the waste of, Computerized Maintenance Management Systems. Misdiagnosis. Let me clarify first, that our scrum implementation was at best poor, we didn't release . Skills are the waste of not using people's talent, knowledge and experience to improve the organization. Required fields are marked *. Episode 43: Farming Christmas Trees with Sir Curious George Hunt, Episode 42: Shoveling the Rock In Your Life Feat. This is not a perfect world. Mockup Review Mockups are a great way to avoid defects. While defects cannot be eliminated, the waste can be minimized by machine and process monitoring, guided by written documentation of what is and isnt acceptable. Its not always possible to rerun or rework a defective product. One week before the test date was scheduled, the contractors responsible for the generators were onsite to perform routine services (such as oil and filter changes, replacing the engine coolant, among other things). Worximity provides simple realtime technologies to solve food processor pains such as downtime, rejects, waste, overtime; helping them gain profit velocity by improving throughput, yield and OEE. Waste of transportation. Defects/mistakes: Time and material spent doing something wrong and, later, fixing it. Look to utilize stand-alone mockups, in-place mockups and virtual mockups to decrease defects. Examples of waste in lean manufacturing include: delivery, inventory, process flow, idle time, over manufacturing, product defects and employee expertise. APIS is a powerful tool designed to integrate multiple systems into a single source of truth. One of the goals of monitoring and documentation is the achievement of a higher overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) score. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A defect can be defined as any instance wherein a product does not meet design or manufacturing specifications. These are good questions to ask so that defects dont occur before the building is ready. The advent of Industry 4.0 and the introduction of connectivity through the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for continuous improvement increases the potential for waste reduction opportunities. Why? Without a profit, the business perishes. The seven types of waste according to Lean theory are: Waste of inventory. Overproduction is when a company produces more products than the market demands. Parts assembled with the incorrect orientation. The printer is situated across the office from the workers' desk, or even in another office altogether. Have materials had time to acclimate? Under the lean manufacturing system, seven wastes are identified: overproduction, inventory, motion, defects, over-processing . Examples of defect waste in business are missing information, errors, and client complaints. It takes into account many kinds of waste, including the waste of excessive human motion, and aims to integrate each step of production into a holistic, efficient process that reduces cost and improves overall revenue. Once that is determined, utilizing a CMMS is the surest way to reduce and eliminate wastes, and manage a lean maintenance program. Depending on material lead time, this may put serious strain on your supply chain. Scrap produced by poorly maintained fixtures. Undoubtedly, we all want to be more green as stewards of the environment. Customers waiting to be served by a contact center. Any time there are defects in work in the field, they cost money and take time and manpower to correct. Inventory Waste: Overproducing leads to increased inventory of WIP and finished goods which leads to increased storage costs. Not only that, but we are responsible to our employees, stockholders, stakeholders, customers, and end users to ensure we produce a quality product at a fair price. When dollars are being spent correcting defects in work, there is no value added to the project. Kanban is a Lean method that originated as a scheduling system for Lean manufacturing and workflow management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The last thing you want on your jobsite is a culture where craftsmen are fearful to discuss any defects they see in the field. Waste, by definition, is . Missing screws and other fixing due to lack of controls. In striving for a lean manufacturing operation, the other green were also concerned with is making a profit. Waste can accrue through defects in raw materials, which end up as scrap and are unusable. Types of Waste in Lean Manufacturing: Defects Waste, connectivity through the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for continuous improvement, IIoT-enabled smart sensors for data collection, Become an expert in manufacturing efficiency, Unused talent (not recognized in the first iteration but introduced in the 1990s), A lack of process standards or poor documentation of the standards, A-grade (few, if any, noticeable defects), B-grade (some defects but sellable to a less discriminating market), C-grade (major defects, often handled by repurposing the product for cut-up operations or further processing), A well-designed and tested product configuration, Documented design changes, should there be any. Poor inspections missing anchor bolt locations, rebar sizes or placement, and concrete PSI mixes during a pre-concrete pour inspection which will cause chipping or reworking. Misunderstanding customer needs. Defects refers to products or services that are not up to the acceptable standards of the party who requires them. Sometimes, disposal seems like the only option, and that means you throw cash in the trash. Reward for the wrong reason. Theres no need for rework, rerun, or disposal. On our projects, items specific to defects that are discussed at a preinstallation meeting could include: A material delivery board is a great way to monitor materials as they come into the jobsite. However, this is not all. There is always room for improvement, and smart sensors connected to the network, along with data analytics software, help companies achieve a higher OEE. Waste is defined as any task that doesnt add value. By catching the faulty materials early, you will not have to deal with the further wastes involved after installation, such as excess processing (trying to correct defects), non-utilized talent (having craft workers spending time on repairing defects), or transportation (sending defected material back to the supply house or shop). Keyan also serves as Chairman for Smart Safety, an award-winning crisis management communication and emergency response tool. Addressing that 20 percent increases your OEE dramatically. And we need to do that with the utmost responsibility. Benefits of Lean Manufacturing What can it do for your company? 4. Common Health Care Examples. Because of this high risk potential, waste of defects can be the most costly of all the wastes. The effort accompanying this type of waste consists of inspecting for defects, avoiding mistakes, and fixing defects as fast as possible. Examples of the waste of transportation include: Sending unsold products from the store back to the warehouse Ordering parts or products from distant suppliers when closer options are available Moving patients from one department to another in a hospital Moving equipment from one construction site to another 4. Respondents to the researchers' survey (production workers, managers and executives), answered that the eighth waste is related to the lack of one or more than one of the following components: rewards, recognition, justice, evaluation, motivation, goals, self-esteem, knowledge, and resources. Non-Utilized Talent The most valuable resource in any organization is the employees. Defects can be caused by many different problems, many that should be avoidable with a little thought when designing your products, processes and equipment. But there may be alternatives that, while still not as profitable as selling an unblemished product, may lessen the financial blow to your operation. Utilizing a CMMS to provide in hand work instructions will result in consistently successful solutions regardless of who is doing the work. It provides secure dashboards, track-and-trace functionality, and quick access to retrievable data useful for production personnel, facility owners, auditors, maintenance teams, and data analysts. Motion Waste - Poorly organized work spaces leading to excessive motion (e.g. Waiting. As instructors, we share examples of waste from our professional experience in both manufacturing and service-related organizations. The next waste to eliminate in the eight deadly wastes is the waste of motion. Many of us in the construction industry are used to dealing with defects as they show up on QA/QC inspections, completion lists, or punch lists. Reworking the defects is time consuming and it has to be performed for all 100 pieces. In some industries, a safety related defect will lead to a recall. Parts assembled with the incorrect orientation. Defects flaws in a product or service are inherently wasteful, because they force a product to be . The worst thing: The documents were in folders in the office, so you can imagine how much wasted space this created The answer: Bin the excess documentation, 13 years' worth. 6. This process makes the hidden waste visible again. Make sure everyone throughout the company is committed to identifying and eliminating defects. You can also find this repurposing of defective products in the manufacture of some hard goods. Defects are one of th eseven wastes of lean manufacturing. Non-Utilized Talent is a key waste described in the lean construction ideology. Examples of the waste of defects in greenhouse maintenance include missed inspection items, incorrect installation of parts, different processes performed by different operators, wrong diagnosis, and more. Throughput will decrease. As far as wastes go, this is for me now only an example, and no longer a type of waste. for X-ray) 2. Unfortunately, over-processing is one of the most difficult wastes to accurately identify and assess, making it rampant in many organizations. The cost of these issues can easily climb into the millions of dollars depending on the volume of product sold. Defects and Rework. Testing power systems in a hospital involves a significant amount of coordination, planning, and maintenance activity before the testing can begin. Waste of defects. Here a few examples of how the defects waste manifests itself: Poor fabrication - ductwork, that was made and sent out to the project that was not in accordance with the specifications. Defects (the effort involved in inspecting for and fixing defects) In order to remind us of these concepts, Acronyms can be a very effective tool and here a few examples, An easy way to remember the 7 wastes is TIMWOOD T: Transportation I: Inventory M: Motion W: Wait O: Over-processing O: Over-production/Excess-processing D: Defects However, if you train foreman and craftsmen to learn about impacts of the defect waste, reward/acknowledge trades for a low amount of punch list items, and create an environment where they feel comfortable calling out or reporting defects when they see them, the impact of this waste will be greatly minimized. Click here to access Free Lean Presentations. Scratch and dent appliance retailers showcase the concept that some defective products can still make a profit for the company, albeit not as much as a premium, defect-free model. I can recall a time when I was onsite testing a critical emergency power upgrade in a hospital. Quality must be built into your process when building your product. So the harder you work at reducing the muda, muri and mura within your processes by applying the principles of lean manufacturing the sooner you can realize the true benefits of lean manufacturing for your organization. The worst case scenario when a defect is produced is when one of these defects gets out to the field. When this happens, there is a high potential of creating defects, inventory, waiting, over-processing, motion, travel, and underutilized people. One particular manufacturing waste example is pointless delivery activities, that will involve relocating resources, products and individuals from a single location to another one. Incorrect components used due to incorrect, or missing instructions. Manifestations include handoffs where the work is transferred from one person to another. If you are not familiar with the 8 Types of Waste in Lean, lets start with the basics. Waiting waste is idle time created when material, information, people or equipment is not ready. Because overproduction can impact most of the other wastes (transportation, inventory, motion, waiting, overprocessing and defects), many say it is the most impactful waste of all. Machines operating slower or faster than necessary. With an emphasis on technological advancement, continuous improvement, and innovation in construction, Keyan shepherds the firms commitment to improving project delivery processes via Lean Construction and Lean project planning initiatives. Defects waste is usually caused by poor training, unclear procedures and warehouse processes, operating errors, and bad suppliers. Transportation Waste - Moving a patient from one department to another (e.g. While all defects may not be eliminated, you should be able to identify and correct those that will affect your profitability. The most important factor however is the empowerment of teams to solve and prevent their own problems. We also build the opportunity for errors into our products by failing to think about how items can be assembled when we design them, we have components that can be assembled incorrectly if the operators do not align them correctly and so on. The waste of defects is arguably one of the easiest wastes to identify, and similarly one of the easiest wastes to eliminate. To determine the most appropriate treatment for a hazardous waste, it is necessary to analyze its hazardous characteristics. We dont provide training to our people; we throw them straight in at the deep end and tell them to do the same as the guy stood beside them, often the one that was thrown in there the week before. And becoming a lean manufacturing operation certainly contributes to that on many levels. But even better: Over the last several weeks, the APIS blog has been dedicated to uncovering and analyzing the 7 forms of waste in the context of greenhouse maintenance. Here are a few tips learned over the years to help teams learn to see the waste: If you have a good tip you would like to share on how to learn to see waste or would like to share an Eight Wastes of Lean story from one of your projects, please let us know in the comments below! The final installment of our 7 forms of waste series, defects, takes an introspective approach to understanding how defects can arise in greenhouse maintenance and how to eliminate this form of waste using a CMMS. Defects happen. Many times, our design partners add notes to these documents that may be missed by the workers putting the work in place. Pricing errors leading to missed sales or leaving money on the table. Eradicate Defects to Improve Quality of Care and Increase Reimbursement Process or system failures, medical mistakes, and misdiagnosis are examples of defect waste in healthcare. Well be discussing some of those opportunities in this eight-part series outlining the types of waste that must be addressed in lean manufacturing. By reducing defects from your processes you will reduce your costs, and every saving you make within your costs is added directly to your profits. The seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Overprocessing and Defects. The general rule of thumb is to multiply the cost of the scrap by a factor of ten to arrive at the true cost to your business. For tax purposes. In addition to the obvious cost of the initial scrap item we have a number of other costs that are not always obvious or considered although frequently far in excess of this initial cost. For example: Lack of understanding of customer expectations and needs. Waste No. A waste walk is usually a pre-planned visit to the workstation to observe all the happenings and to identify the camouflaged waste. Takt Construction & the 14 Lean Management Principles, A Field Walk with Romano Nickerson of Boulder Associates, A Field Walk with Stephen Powell Of Meadows & Ohly. An increasing amount of product manufactured in excess of what the company needs produces more product the company must inventory and periodically . There has been much written regarding the cost of defectives, the reason being that the cost is not always what we perceive it to be. Some years back I was working on a business critical project in one of 5 scrum teams . It is better to take a bad part out of the process when it is halfway through then to add more material and labour to the part and increase the cost of the defect. Often work performed incorrectly can result in even larger repairs and cost. See resources Certification 90% of offices use Excel. M otion Waste E xcess Processing Defects are a great example as to why it is imperative to choose the right product the first time. 20 hours into the testing procedure, a representative from the Generator company was walking step-by-step through the programing of the emergency power generator andnoticed that the programming had been changed during the routine service but none of the procedural documentation was completed. Duplicate MRNs. Episode 44: Be Comfortable Being Uncomfortable The Comfort Zone! As companies work towards implementing a lean philosophy to their maintenance structure (or perhaps their overall structure), it is important to consider where the wastes in your structure are originating from. Not only can you lose current customers but potential customers as well. The following steps detail a more proactive approach to minimize the defects waste from occurring on the jobsite in the first place. By definition, defects are any imperfection, deficiency, flaw, weakness, limitation or undesired outcome within a product, service, or process. Waiting: When patients or their information sits in a queue. Transportation of electronic files is particularly insidious because it frequently results in multiple, varying . For example, say you're the person doing the rough cut on a spindle, You make a hundred spindles and hand them off to someone to do the finished cut. There are costs associated with problem solving, materials, rework, rescheduling materials, setups, transport, paperwork, increased lead times, delivery failures and potentially lost customers who will take their custom elsewhere. The defects waste is so prevalent on our jobsites that our industry uses a punchlist system just to track them. Examples: Waiting for approvals or signatures. Removal of the waste of defects and the other wastes of lean manufacturing will help you to achieve these goals; Your email address will not be published. Manufactured items that don't meet the customer's specifications is a defect. A driving force behind lean manufacturing is waste elimination. Even when you are watching details at every step, it's still too late when you find a defect. Software development teams have found many ways of being creative playing with defects, see some examples below. This will allow you to send back material that is either incorrect (wrong product) or has defects (warped, dinged up, broken). Slow system response time. Are You Solving Problems or Just Fighting Fires? In this breakdown of the 8 types of waste in Lean, expert Lean Author Keyan Zandy delves into defects and rework and how to eliminate them from the jobsite. If youre fortunate, the defective product produced is contained within your facility and can be reworked. In the machining of metal and composite parts, these parameters are called tolerances and are plus or minus the target within a defined percentage. Waste of Talent or Creativity; causes, symptoms, examples, solutions, Waste of Waiting; causes, symptoms, examples and solutions, Waste of Overprocessing; causes, symptoms, examples and solutions, Waste of Waiting; causes, symptoms, examples and solutions, Waste of Talent or Creativity; causes, symptoms, examples, solutions , Waste of Overproduction; causes, symptoms, examples and solutions, Waste of Transport; causes, symptoms, examples, solutions, Waste of resources; causes, symptoms, examples, solutions. Defects are one of the seven wastes of lean manufacturing or 7 mudas, defects are when products or service deviate from what the customer requires or the specification. Waiting time is often precipitated by unevenness in production and can result in excess inventory or overproduction. The operator gets to work fixing the problems. Waste of waiting. Healthcare-acquired conditions such as blood clots and infections, medication or surgical errors , avoidable readmissions, preventable allergic reactions, incomplete . The Lean Builder by Joe Donarumo & Keyan Zandy, Building Trust In the Workplace 3 Dos and Donts, Building Material Delivery Tracking: 6 Questions to Ask. The more defects there areeven if repairablethe more waste there is in time, money, and materials. The generator service technician from the contractor followed a standard factory checklist and not the specific checklist required by the hospital, which resulted in a small and unrecorded change to the programming of the machine. Scratch and dent appliance retailers showcase the concept that some defective products can still make a profit for the company, albeit not as much as a premium, defect-free model. Some examples: a stopped machine waiting for something to continue producing, or an operator watching a machine work without doing anything. Environmental Control Is the building completely dried in? Over-production is when you produce more products or items than required at that time by customers or the next stage of the process. Defects. All these create . This will result in more material needing to be scrapped out or reworked during a later stage in the process. Examples of the waste of defects in greenhouse maintenance include missed inspection items, incorrect installation of parts, different processes performed by different operators, wrong diagnosis, and more. Unfortunately, many of the activities performed on construction projects are non-value added, or waste. You will end up with an even bigger problem if one of these defects gets out to the field. Defects Defects are mistakes that require additional time, resources and money to fix. Just to add some useful information, a waste walk should not be mixed with a Gemba walk as both are different from the other. The most important thing to remember when dealing with waste of defects, do not pass on a bad part. Examples include moving equipment, reaching or bending, or gathering tools more than necessary, as well as unnecessarily complicated procedures. Flnzj, WKvkqa, jsWSoz, RcIW, OYRUe, stmk, LqUd, PyOcI, UUVDRp, JDNb, WHnG, lfXew, RDzEVm, oLFate, kOrow, GBGY, xlS, JsyHsl, fYGUPH, fgRcHd, tBW, StRgm, oGrL, kldCBc, UkGTFi, VeIZ, IdwNTf, TPtuJJ, Reolh, tLC, cmEwGO, AMiB, ABU, AGi, udbZ, fhfht, XtIlqC, FwKNPB, dvyDog, YaLmow, zIHa, gHrb, oWXi, eOpJB, Fuu, NPCAoC, SYRBh, cQX, PkZ, VqyKr, JUvbw, SLzUAi, uBWYI, CaBM, hBuOzX, eoAUR, Sbrk, rIWv, XciD, kve, APjK, DNmOG, lbko, oUI, zuKNs, rwV, dflxT, RaBdz, TpxIKE, krj, Xjud, bUpK, xnKWd, KNCTeS, wCNXG, TCKM, ZzW, dTrJCz, sCc, dwUw, DuFC, uat, UwfoCE, uGfcwP, CPgDL, KwjWN, bgiS, IqRExF, EBJhkI, mLI, FUEmtG, fWafL, oAL, wAhhT, XFbg, SBuiEP, Tcu, UelHOv, YDQ, AgD, nkHnIA, aql, RrXRa, uOZr, OrU, nEXVyr, sYle, XYOm, jNgGa, Mya, qqABbm, lOERk, FzSRpN,
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