CERIUM (III) NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE MSDS (Chinese) Toxicological Information CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : FK6300000 CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 10294-41-4 LAST UPDATED : 199406 DATA ITEMS CITED : 7 MOLECULAR FORMULA : N3-O9.Ce.6H2-O MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 434.27 WISWESSER LINE WebElement Barium (Ba), Group 2, Atomic Number 56, s-block, Mass 137.327. In the periodic table, it appears between the lanthanides lanthanum to its left and praseodymium to its right, and above the actinide thorium. WebFrancium is a chemical element with the symbol Fr and atomic number 87. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though, like other lanthanides, it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime.Naturally occurring dysprosium is composed of seven InChI=1S/Ce.NO3.6H2O/c;2-1(3)4;;;;;;/h;;6*1H2/q+3;-1;;;;;; CSID:10628232, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10628232.html (accessed 12:43, Dec 11, 2022), Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users, Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module. Thus, despite its position as one of the so-called rare-earth metals, cerium is actually not rare at all. Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is a single-electron-transfer reagent with unparalleled utility in organic synthesis, and has emerged as a vital feedstock in diverse [30], The alkali metals form orange-red monoclinic crystals as a double salt with ceric nitrate: M2[Ce(NO3)6] with M=K, Rb, Cs, or [NH4]. [57] Usually iron is added to form the alloy ferrocerium, also invented by von Welsbach. FOIA 2015 Jun 22;54 (26):7534-8. doi: 10.1002/anie.201502336. And the particles were transformed from spherical into cubic with the increase of La3+. It is the most common of the lanthanides, followed by neodymium, lanthanum, and praseodymium. Kang, L., Shen, Z. The unit cell of nickel is a face-centered cube with The ore is then roasted in the air to oxidize it to the lanthanide oxides: while most of the lanthanides will be oxidized to the sesquioxides Ln2O3, cerium will be oxidized to the dioxide CeO2. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cerium_IV_-nitrate Workers exposed to cerium have experienced itching, sensitivity to heat, and skin lesions. [6] Potassium cerium nitrate was probably discovered by L. Th. Despite always occurring in combination with the other rare-earth elements in minerals such as those of the monazite and bastnsite groups, cerium is easy to extract from its ores, as it can be distinguished among the lanthanides by its unique ability to be oxidized to the +4 state in aqueous solution. First, the bastnsite is purified, using dilute hydrochloric acid to remove calcium carbonate impurities. Most varieties are not explosive, but can create brief bursts of heat and high temperature in a small area. Klaus Reinhardt and Herwig Winkler in "Cerium Mischmetal, Cerium Alloys, and Cerium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2000, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. After separation, it is treated with hot concentrated sulfuric acid to produce water-soluble sulfates of rare earths. It is the third member of the lanthanide series and is considered to be one of the rare-earth metals.It is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.It is too reactive to be found in native form, and pure Webammonium cerium(iv) nitrate. Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through solgel method using different solvents which include water, acetone, ethanol and ethylene glycol. WebWhen writing the chemical formula for an ion, its net charge is written in superscript immediately after the chemical structure for the molecule/atom. It operates by one-electron redox. WebThe molecular formula of Cerium (IV) Ammonium Nitrate is Ce (NH4)2 (NO3)6. [58] Due to the chemical similarities of the lanthanides, chemical separation is not usually required for their applications, such as the addition of mischmetal to steel as an inclusion modifier to improve mechanical properties, or as catalysts for the cracking of petroleum. Sugimoto H, Kitayama K, Ashikari K, Matsunami C, Ueda N, Umakoshi K, Hosokoshi Y, Sasaki Y, Itoh S. Inorg Chem. It is also considered one of the rare-earth elements. [16] The isotopes between 140Ce and 144Ce inclusive occur as fission products of uranium. "Argonne's deNOx Catalyst Begins Extensive Diesel Engine Exhaust Testing", "Book Of A Lifetime: The Periodic Table, By Primo Levi", "Cerium-Based, Intermetallic-Strengthened Aluminum Casting Alloy: High-Volume Co-product Development", "Topical antimicrobials for burn wound infections", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerium&oldid=1125249878, Chemical elements with double hexagonal close-packed structure, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The high-temperature form, -cerium, has a bcc (, The stable form below 726C to approximately room temperature is -cerium, with an fcc (, The fcc form -cerium is stable below about 150C; it has a density of 8.16g/cm. [10], Cerium(IV) oxide ("ceria") has the fluorite structure, similarly to the dioxides of praseodymium and terbium. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat (solar thermal energy), which drives a heat engine (usually a steam For optical applications it is known as KCN. The current experimental limits for their half-lives are:[16], All other cerium isotopes are synthetic and radioactive. ; Related Documents . The CCDC websitesuse cookies. Cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate ((NH 4) 2 Ce (NO 3) 6) is a one-electron oxidizing agent that is used for oxidative addition reactions of electrophilic radicals to alkenes, enabling intermolecular and intramolecular carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation. Temperature Expansion - Thermal expansion of pipes and tubes - stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, plastics and more. Click to predict properties on the Chemicalize site, For medical information relating to Covid-19, please consult the. The first use of cerium was in gas mantles, invented by Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. No predicted properties have been calculated for this compound. WebAn electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. This is so because they are bypassed by the reaction flow of the s-process, and the r-process nuclides are blocked from decaying to them by more neutron-rich stable nuclides. Most applications use CAN in solution where it is assigned a monomeric [Ce IV (NO 3) 6] 2 structure; an assumption traced to half-century old studies. The effects of cerium nitrate concentration on the structure, morphology and photocatalytic property were investigated. (C, This page was last edited on 2 July 2022, at 07:53. 2H2O. WebCerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate is a widely used source of cerium in materials science. [17], Diammonium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate. Cerium in magenta, Yb in green, Si in yellow, C in grey and H in white. WebAmong lanthanide-based compounds, cerium compounds exhibit a significant role in a variety of research fields due to their distinct tetravalency, high economic feasibility, and high stability of Ce(IV) complexes. Connect, collaborate and discover scientific publications, jobs and conferences. [28], There are anhydrous double nitrates such as Ce2Rb3(NO3)9 and Ce2K3(NO3)9. It forms orthorhombic crystals with bipyramidal shape. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype.Lanthanum is Today, cerium and its compounds have a variety of uses: for example, cerium(IV) oxide is used to polish glass and is an important part of catalytic converters. Dinuclear complexes of tetravalent cerium in an aqueous perchloric acid solution. All four are observationally stable, though the light isotopes 136Ce and 138Ce are theoretically expected to undergo inverse double beta decay to isotopes of barium, and the heaviest isotope 142Ce is expected to undergo double beta decay to 142Nd or alpha decay to 138Ba. WebNitrogen compounds have a very long history, ammonium chloride having been known to Herodotus.They were well-known by the Middle Ages. The net charge is written with the magnitude before the sign; that is, a doubly charged cation is indicated as 2+ instead of +2.However, the magnitude of the charge is omitted for singly charged Authors Thomas J Demars 1 , Mrinal K Bera 1 , Soenke Seifert 2 , Mark R Antonio 1 , Ross J Ellis 3 Affiliations All for free. WebStructure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: Cerium nitrate, hexahydrate. WebAlfa Chemistry offers Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate for experimental / research use. Epub 2015 Apr 23. It was not until Carl Gustaf Mosander succeeded in removing lanthana and "didymia" in the late 1830s that ceria was obtained pure. The experimental results showed that the adding cerium nitrate solution after plating, the Co-Ni-P deposited evenly dense, with high phosphorus content in the coating. Rosenboom J, Chojetzki L, Suhrbier T, Rabeah J, Villinger A, Wustrack R, Bresien J, Schulz A. Chemistry. Three formulas exist in each unit cell which at 20C, has a volume of 2514.1 3 and cell side of a=13.597 . Upon adding the ammonia solution, precipitation of Ce (OH) 4 dirubidium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate. WebThe compound ceric ammonium nitrate ("CAN") (NH4)2[Ce (NO3)6] is the most common cerium compound encountered in the laboratory. The energy of the 4f electron is nearly the same as that of the outer 5d and 6s electrons that are delocalized in the metallic state, and only a small amount of energy is required to change the relative occupancy of these electronic levels. Add ammonium cerium nitrate solution drop wise in urea solution under vigorous stirring. [45], Cerium has two main applications, both of which use CeO2. [13] However it was only properly described in 1894 by Fock. 2022 Mar 1;61(10):e202115026. Epub 2022 May 19. This structure is a variation of the Cerocene (a Cerium sandwich complex, about which electronic structure chemists have a lot of discussions). Then, 0.75% of urea was dissolved in 50 ml deionized water. Radical Reactivity of the Biradical [P(-NTer), Isolation and Properties of the Long Elusive Deep Blue Soluble [K. Azadiphosphaindane-1,3-diyls: A Class of Resonance-Stabilized Biradicals. Electrodes are essential parts of batteries that can consist of a variety of materials depending on the type of battery.. Over the lifetime, 1242 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 22163 citation(s). It can be made by boiling the stoichiometric mixture of cerous nitrate, and sodium nitrate in nitric acid, and then evaporating at 40C. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air.Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted among the rare earths.Lutetium is generally considered the first element of the 6th-period transition The most stable of them are 144Ce with a half-life of 284.9days, 139Ce with a half-life of 137.6days, and 141Ce with a half-life of 32.5days. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Alkyl, alkynyl, and alkenyl organocerium derivatives are prepared from the transmetallation of the respective organolithium or Grignard reagents, and are more nucleophilic but less basic than their precursors. Articles of ammonium cerium(iv) nitrate are included as well. Cerium is the only lanthanide which has important aqueous and coordination chemistry in the +4 oxidation state. Its formula weight is 955.6. [13] At atmospheric pressure, liquid cerium is more dense than its solid form at the melting Ceria also shows a fascinating aspect about the chemistry of cerium: the oxidation state IV appears to be quite common but close inspection reveals that it is typically more something between III and IV. Cerium is the second element of the lanthanide series. The average NO bond distance in nitrate is 1.26 . InChI=1S/Ce.3NO3.6H2O/c;3*2-1(3)4;;;;;;/h;;;;6*1H2/q+3;3*-1;;;;;; CSID:14799128, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.14799128.html (accessed 12:43, Dec 11, 2022), Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users, Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module. Using synchrotron X-rays and Raman spectroscopy we challenge this tradition, converging instead on an oxo-bridged dinuclear complex, even in strong nitric acid. Other solid phases occurring only at high pressures are shown on the phase diagram. [45] This property of cerium saved the life of writer Primo Levi at the Auschwitz concentration camp, when he found a supply of ferrocerium alloy and bartered it for food. [18] 140Ce is the most common isotope of cerium, as it can be produced in both the s- and r-processes, while 142Ce can only be produced in the r-process. WebThermite (/ r m a t /) is a pyrotechnic composition of metal powder and metal oxide.When ignited by heat or chemical reaction, thermite undergoes an exothermic reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction. Este site coleta cookies para oferecer uma melhor experincia ao usurio. WebThe following ideographic symbols were employed in alchemy to symbolize elements known since ancient times. [30][31], Cerium was discovered in Bastns in Sweden by Jns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger, and independently in Germany by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, both in 1803. Bresien J, Michalik D, Schulz A, Villinger A, Zander E. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. Cerium(IV) aqueous solutions may be prepared by reacting cerium(III) solutions with the strong oxidizing agents peroxodisulfate or bismuthate. 1. Such nuclei are called p-nuclei, and their origin is not yet well understood: some speculated mechanisms for their formation include proton capture as well as photodisintegration. Webrare-earth element, any member of the group of chemical elements consisting of three elements in Group 3 (scandium [Sc], yttrium [Y], and lanthanum [La]) and the first extended row of elements below the main body of the periodic table (cerium [Ce] through lutetium [Lu]). ; Thermodynamics - Work, heat and energy systems. [27], Organocerium chemistry is similar to that of the other lanthanides, often involving complexes of cyclopentadienyl and cyclooctatetraenyl ligands. WebA crystal structure containing Cerium: This structure is a variation of the Cerocene (a Cerium sandwich complex, about which electronic structure chemists have a lot of discussions). [16] The non-linear optical effects were found in 1993. The oxalates are converted to oxides by annealing. [10], Cerium forms all four trihaldies CeX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) usually by reaction of the oxides with the hydrogen halides. [26] [68], Like all rare-earth metals, cerium is of low to moderate toxicity. ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, Compounds with the same molecular formula, Search Google for structures with same skeleton, DANGER: OXIDIZER, causes GI injury, skin and eye irritation. The abrasives and their polishing behavior are critical for cerium-based abrasives. [38][39] Despite desirable properties, these sulfides were never widely adopted due to practical issues with their synthesis.[38]. 6H 2 O, 98%, Alfa Aesar, United Kingdom), and four times urea ((CO(NH 2) 2, 99%, Merck, Germany) were added to a solution containing three The structure can also be described as an FCC lattice of zinc with sulfur atoms occupying half of the tetrahedral voids or vice versa. in cylinder heads. Not included in this list are spurious elements, such as the classical elements fire and water, and substances now known to be compounds.Many more symbols were in at least sporadic use: one early 17th-century alchemical manuscript lists 22 Ag 2 O features linear, two-coordinate Ag centers linked by tetrahedral oxides. You can follow us on social media using #IYPTCrystals and learn more about the wonders of crystals by followingtheCCDC on Twitter @ccdc_cambridgeonFacebook ccdc.cambridge,onInstagram ccdc_cambridgeor on YouTubeCCDCCambridge. K 2 O is a basic oxide and reacts with water violently to produce the caustic potassium hydroxide. [56] Cerium dioxide also acts as a catalyst for the combustion of thorium oxide. It is the second-most electropositive element, behind only caesium, and is the second rarest naturally occurring Cerium (IV) Ammonium Nitrate Thus, one equivalent of CAN is recast as a two-electron-transfer reagent and a redox-activated superbase, raising questions regarding the origins of its reactivity with organic molecules and giving new fundamental insight into the stability of polynuclear complexes of tetravalent ions. WebStructure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: Cerium(3+) nitrate hydrate (1:3:6). The Use of Cerium Nitrate-Silver Sulphadiazine as a Topical Burns Dressing. 2021 Jan 18;60(3):1507-1512. doi: 10.1002/anie.202011886. Even though Cerium belongs to the rare-earth elements it is not that rare: It is nearly as abundant as copper and five times as abundant as lead. It is an orange-red crystal, soluble in water and ethanol, almost insoluble in concentrated nitric acid, and deliquescent in the air. [14][15] Even then the amount of water in the substance was wrong and it took till 1911 when Jantsch & Wigdorow correctly stated that there were two water molecules. Keywords: [3] Schelter, E. J. Cerium under the Lens. CAN is popular oxidant in organic synthesis, both as a stoichiometric reagent[21] and as a catalyst. Chloride gives the orange CeCl26. In this motif the positions of the anions and cations are reversed relative to their positions in CaF 2, with potassium ions coordinated to 4 oxide ions and oxide ions coordinated to 8 potassium. Cerium can make sparks when struck, but it is also used in "flammacerium" (cerium nitrate) as an antimicrobial agent for burns. WebLutetium is a chemical element with the symbol Lu and atomic number 71. WebIn the early 1800s, Bernard Courtois of Paris manufactured saltpetre (potassium nitrate, KNO 3) and used seaweed ash as his source of potassium.One day in 1811, he added sulfuric acid and saw purple fumes which condensed to form crystals with a metallic lustre. Unlike most lanthanides, Ce forms a tetrafluoride, a white solid. WebCerium (IV) ammonium nitrate ( (NH 4) 2 Ce (NO 3) 6) is a one-electron oxidizing agent that is used for oxidative addition reactions of electrophilic radicals to alkenes, enabling Cerium makes sparks when struck and is the main component of the brittle ferrocerium alloy that is used in lighter flints. WebResearchGate is a network dedicated to science and research. Cerium salts, such as the sulfides Ce2S3 and Ce3S4, were considered during the Manhattan Project as advanced refractory materials for the construction of crucibles which could withstand the high temperatures and strongly reducing conditions when casting plutonium metal. Most applications use CAN in solution where it is assigned a monomeric [Ce(IV) (NO3 )6 ](2-) structure; an assumption traced to half-century old studies. WebStructure Search Print SDS Cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate, 99.5%, Thermo Scientific 100g, Plastic bottle Quantity: 100g 500g 2.5kg Packaging: Plastic bottle Description This Thermo Scientific brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Epub 2012 Mar 8. Ceria is a nonstoichiometric compound, meaning that the real formula is CeO2x, where x is about 0.2. WebOxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. The mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids was known as aqua regia (royal Acc Chem Res. WebCerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate is widely used as a sourceof cerium, especially in the synthesis of micro- or nano-structured ceria(cerium oxide). Ceria reduces to cerium(III) oxide with hydrogen gas. Este site coleta cookies para oferecer uma melhor experincia ao usurio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. Evolution of iridium-based molecular catalysts during water oxidation with ceric ammonium nitrate. Three of the nitrates form a bridge in each of three dimensions. It is one of only four elements that are ferromagnetic at or near room temperature; the others are iron, cobalt and gadolinium.Its Curie temperature is 355 C (671 F), meaning that bulk nickel is non-magnetic above this temperature. [13] Cooling below approximately 160C will start formation of -cerium but this is only from remaining -cerium. Cerium is not toxic when eaten, but animals injected with large doses of cerium have died due to cardiovascular collapse. [34][35][36][37], The element played a role in the Manhattan Project, where cerium compounds were investigated in the Berkeley site as materials for crucibles for uranium and plutonium casting. Epub 2011 Aug 9. -cerium does not significantly transform to -cerium except in the presence of stress or deformation. The crystals are clear rod shaped monoclinic with space group P2/c. Sharma MK, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, van Gastel M, Hinz A, Ghadwal RS. Thus, the material is not perfectly described as Ce(IV). [28] The 4f electron in cerocene, Ce(C8H8)2, is poised ambiguously between being localized and delocalized and this compound is considered intermediate-valent. [32][33] The asteroid is itself named after the Roman goddess Ceres, goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. Mitteilung. This resulted in commercial success for von Welsbach and his invention, and created great demand for thorium. The density is 2.525 g/cm3. 8600 Rockville Pike WebCerium nitrate hydrate | CeH2N3O10 - PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers PUGVIEW FETCH ERROR: 503 National Center for Biotechnology Information 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA Contact Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Cerium was the first of the lanthanides to be discovered, in Bastns, Sweden, by Jns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger in 1803, and independently by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in Germany in the same year. [16], Cerium exists in two main oxidation states, Ce(III) and Ce(IV). [Ce+4], InChI=1S/Ce.6NO3.2H3N/c;6*2-1(3)4;;/h;;;;;;;2*1H3/q+4;6*-1;;/p+2, CSID:157072, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.157072.html (accessed 12:43, Dec 11, 2022), Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users, Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module. The way the components are arranged in the crystal is that there are six nitrates around each cerium atom, however to get to the average of five per cerium, two nitrate groups on each, link the atoms into a chain along the an axis. PMC For example, a volume change of about 10% occurs when cerium is subjected to high pressures or low temperatures. Fluoride gives the Ce(IV) derivatives .mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}CeF48 and CeF26. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The dangerous goods definition of an oxidizing agent is a substance that can cause or contribute to the combustion of other material. None of these decay modes have yet been observed, though the double beta decay of 136Ce, 138Ce, and 142Ce have been experimentally searched for. WebPraseodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Pr and the atomic number 59. Before An official website of the United States government. Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is a single-electron-transfer reagent with unparalleled utility in organic synthesis, and has emerged as a vital feedstock in diverse chemical industries. Most applications use CAN in solution where it is assigned a monomeric [Ce(IV) (NO3 )6 ](2-) structure; an assumptio & Jin, C. Neodymium cations Nd, cerium(III)-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, "Cerium; Crystal Structure and Position in The Periodic Table", "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties", "Abundance of the Elements in the Solar System", "Chapter 229: Applications of tetravalent cerium compounds", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare EarthsThe Beginnings", "Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare EarthsThe Confusing Years", "Synthesis and Sintering of Cerium(III) Sulfide Powders", "Monazite-(Ce): Mineral information, data and localities", "Bastnsite-(Ce): Mineral information, data and localities", "Cerianite-(Ce): Mineral information, data and localities". Upon cooling below 15C, -cerium starts to change to -cerium, but the transformation involves a volume increase and, as more forms, the internal stresses build up and suppress further transformation. ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, Compounds with the same molecular formula, Search Google for structures with same skeleton. [60][61] The most commonly used example is cerium(III)-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Ce:YAG) which emits green to yellow-green light (550530nm) and also behaves as a scintillator. WebThe two groups of patients (cerium nitrate-silver sulfadiazine group, n=78; silver sulfadiazine group, n=76), were comparable regarding sex, age, percentage total body surface area burned, and cause. Cerium is also an essential component as a dopant for phosphors used in CRT TV screens, fluorescent lamps, and later white light-emitting diodes. Cerium has no known biological role in humans but is not particularly toxic, except with intense or continued exposure. Upon hydration, the trihalides convert to complexes containing aquo complexes [Ce(H2O)8-9]3+. [18] The abundances of the cerium isotopes may differ very slightly in natural sources, because 138Ce and 140Ce are the daughters of the long-lived primordial radionuclides 138La and 144Nd, respectively. ; Material Properties - Material properties of gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information Welcome to the International Year of the Periodic Table, celebrated through crystals. A visualisation showing the structure containing Cerium alongside other structures published in the same scientific article: Cerium is a soft rare-earth metal, that can be cut with a knife, and that tarnishes when exposed to air as an oxide layer builds up. 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