What can teachers do to support second language learning? Teacher should use simple vocabulary and structures that are slightly beyond students' level. Overt attention to challenging stuctures is helpful. This can also be the most tangibly rewarding level for a teacher because the growth of students' proficiency is apparent in a matter of a few weeks. They have advanced knowledge of the skill and its functions and can troubleshoot problems on their own. These students will be able to understand, but may not be able to produce, simple language such as 'yes,' 'no,' 'good,' 'bad,' and in many cases the numbers 1-10. Focus on sociolinguistic nuances of the language. to practice language for meaningful purposes. Maximile learning. Expert. Meaningful and authentic communication tasks. succeed. CEFR stands for Common European Framework of Reference. Do not present stilted language. What technique does O'Connor use in the paragraph to create compelling characters? Also, earn about internationally recognized. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? What are the 4 different types of skill levels? Keep in mind that to be officially leveled, an ELL will need to complete official diagnostic examinations. Beginner-level students are those who have had zero previous exposure to English or have the ability to use only isolated words, common phrases, and basic pronunciation features. Focusing on the nuts and bolts of Comprehensible Input/TPRS/No desks/language acquisition/more. The three broad levels are A1/A2 ("Basic User"), B1/B2 ("Independent User"), and C1/C2 ("Proficient User"). Could you please share your class rules? Increasing complexity in terms of length, grammar, and discourse. With these levels, you can easily work out your ability in around 40 different languages. Academic prose, literature, idiomatic conversation. Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). 's' : ''}}. Building strategic competence - knowing how to recognize and repair communication breakdowns, how to work around gaps in one's knowledge of the language, and how to learn more about the language and in the context. Novices acquire know-how, which is the tacit knowledge of how to perform a task or function through practice, and sometimes painful, experience. ELLs at this level have strong skill sets in all areas of speaking, writing, listening, and reading. The unquestioned acceptance of limited English proficiency as the measure of linguistic barriers is hardly surprising, given the enduring struggle to shed an English-only bias in U.S. education, healthcare, and the workplace, a bias that privileges English proficiency over an emerging multilingualism. There are five language proficiency levels, and many employers require at least level three, which is essentially a professional (functional) working proficiency level. What are the 4 different types of skill levels? 31, five levels of proficiency were identified, namely: Beginning, Developing, Approaching Proficiency, Proficient, and Advanced. (69) $3.50. help you understand the meaning IELTS uses a 9-band system ranging from non-user (Band 1) to expert (Band 9). Students on this level will have enough vocabulary and grammar to communicate at a basic level in familiar environments. 4. The CEFR describes six levels of language proficiency ranging from A1 (Basic) to C2 (Proficient). If you are studying a new language or applying to positions with multilingual requirements, understanding more about languages and how to . Though the names for the ELL proficiency levels vary throughout the literature, most sources use five proficiency levels that parallel those described below. ProficientThis level represents. Students benefit from brief explanations of grammar points. Interlanguage errors are a good indication of linguistic development. 1.Fluency and accuracy. After all, says Tom Loveless, a former senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and an education policy analyst, proficient as NAEP defines it is an incredibly high standard to uphold. However, countries who have not developed their own standards have adopted internationally recognized systems of standards. IELTS provides evaluation services for the two categories of General Training or Academic Training. Being Developed: the individual demonstrates a minimal use of the competency and is currently developing it. Problem Posing - Different Proficiency Levels In small groups, Describe the language ability levels of the students in your classes. BasicThis level denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at each grade. The Deskless Classroom: Teaching about proficiency levels The Deskless Classroom Focusing on the nuts and bolts of Comprehensible Input/TPRS/No desks/language acquisition/more Thursday, March 7, 2019 Teaching about proficiency levels At the beginning of the year, I take 1 whole hour per class to teach about proficiency levels. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Thank you! Learn more about each of these six levels and what they encompass. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Words such as novice, intermediate, proficient or expert can be assigned to your personal and professional attributes to demonstrate the level of experience you have with a particular skill. Directive role can create effective language learning opportunities even within a predominantly student- centered classroom. Let us explore these systems next. Proficiency Levels range from 0 (unable to function in the spoken language) to 5 (speaking proficiency is functionally equivalent to that of a highly articulate, well-educated native speaker). And the highest level for this scale is the C2, which specifies a mastery of the language, and the lowest scale is A1 which is . Being Developed: the individual demonstrates a minimal use of the competency and is currently developing it. The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) distinguishes between 11 distinct levels of proficiency, represented by an inverted pyramid. - Definition & Examples, Political Nomination: Definition & Process, Tenure of Office Act of 1867: Definition & Summary, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Limited more by grammar, vocabulary and length of utterance than by communicative function. Teaching beginning levels. Intermediate. Include peripheral processing by getting students. Make sure students are exposed to meaningful production practice by: Crucial concern at this level. Jesse holds two masters, a doctorate and has 15 years of academic experience in areas of education, linguistics, business and science across five continents. They offer five stages: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. This study investigates this issue by looking at novice Chinese pre- They were developed by the American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages. The CEFR is slightly different from the IELTS in that the A1 level may be assigned to those who have basic levels of English language ability, whereas Level 1 of the IELTS is assigned to those who have absolutely no English language ability. The role of the teacher. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. The Importance of Reading Proficiency. The students might have different proficiency levels because of their different cognitive in learning process, the . Advanced. Proficiency Levels for Leadership Competencies U.S. Office of Personnel Management 1 . 1. Variety (pair/group work). In English. Beginner: elementary, beginner, basic, pre-intermediate, limited working proficiency. Beginners - Fluency and accuracy Teaching Differing Proficiency Levels Dr. Latricia Trites Academic Advisor Fulbright Yilan Project 2008 -2009 . Also, earn about internationally recognized language standardization systems, such as IELTS, TOEFL, and CEFR, and consider which system might be best for you to use. advancement in knowledge or skillDefinition of proficiency 1 : advancement in knowledge or skill : progress. 2. There are levels to proficiency, and speaking a second or third language proficiently may increase your prospects as a job candidate. Each standard is organized by grade level cluster (PreK-K, grades 1-2, grades 3-5, grades 6-8, and grades 9-12) and by language domain (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). Inherent to this ECQ is the ability to "UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR" FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIN CAREER PLURILINGUE DIDACTICS Alejandra Lopez. Increase use of language in unrehearsed situations. TOEFL is an American-developed system that is also highly recognized around the world. 0-5 Language Proficiency Levels 0 - No Proficiency. 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There are alternatives as far as the proficiency phrasing goes, as well: Advanced: native, fluent, proficient, advanced, mother tongue, upper-intermediate. Check with your institution's administration. No authentic language material sould be summarily disqualified. For an 8th grade student to reach NAEP's math proficiency today he or she must master the same concepts as a 12th grader in 1990. How do you prepare for presentation questions? Use Word Clues to Analyze Some automaticity has taken place, but the main goal at this level has to be getting students to continue to automatize. You can also create a general system based on these recognized systems. In addition to state government systems, independent companies have also developed proficiency level standards that may be adopted by certain institutions, such as private schools or corporate language training centers. What are the three levels of proficiency? Students with advanced English proficiency will benefit from more sophisticated sentence structures . Words such as novice, intermediate, proficient or expert can be assigned to your personal and professional attributes to demonstrate the level of experience you have with a particular skill. For example, these students would be able to give directions in a taxi, order food in a restaurant, and understand general meaning when watching videos in English. Take advantage of students' applying classroom materials to real life situations. Why did infections spread so easily in hospitals, resulting in numerous deaths? It's Important to establish from beginning flow of language in reasonably short segments of language. The best system to use is the one that fits your specific needs. Your email address will not be published. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Learn more about each of these six levels and what they encompass. Meaning Explain how the root We also must understand that there is a vast variety of different systems designed to determine the level of an ELL. Examples would be: 'My name is,' 'I am from,' and 'Good morning, how are you?'. END OF THE PRESENTATION. Proficiency is defined as having expertise or being very skilled or knowledgeable in a certain subject. Utterances are restricted to short, simple phrases. Some of the new language is under control. Natural pace. As the name implies, this is a European-based system that is also widely recognized around the world. Technique are more complex than beginners'. Mid-range: intermediate, conversational, competent, professional. Teacher should make sure students are challenged by choice of vocabulaty, structures, idioms and other features. Discuss what you do when you have students with different language proficiency or . In addition to state standards, there are three globally recognized ELL proficiency level systems, which are the IELTS, TOEFL, and CEFR. Time to practice! The Maryland State Board of Education adopted the new score ranges for each performance level at today's State Board Meeting. Synonyms Example Sentences Learn More About proficiency. Advanced Low. Under DepEd Order No. Teaching Across Proficiency Levels Hardly a teaching day goes by in this profession without someone referring to students` proficiency levels with the terms "beginning", "intermediate", or . 1. Work on pragmatics as students fine-tune production and understanding in terms of register, status of the speaker, turn taking, topic nomination and termination, Topic-changing and culturally conditioned language constrains. Do not expect much innovation at this stage. They are able to use a range of professional and technical words and maintain the ability to coherently communicate even in unfamiliar areas. Proficiency is defined as having expertise or being very skilled or knowledgeable in a certain subject. How do you ask someone without sounding needy? Superior. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR SHARING. ILR LEVEL 4 - FULL PROFESSIONAL WORKING PROFICIENCY Full professional proficiency is rated 4 on the scale. Basically, we can say that Band 1 is someone who has zero English language ability, and Band 9 is a native speaker or has become fluent in English from a different language. It is important to remember that all levels of ELLs may have different backgrounds and current situations such as country of origin and languages used at home. Keep in mind students' language-proficiency levels when creating sentence stems and frames. What is proficient skill level?Proficient. In the United States, each state is given autonomy by the federal government to determine the criteria for developing proficiency level standards. The levels are often used casually by language learners to explain their ability at speaking, reading, writing and understanding a language. Level of proficiency can be identified as implied by the typical division of classes or coursebooks into elementary, intermediate (lower and upper), and advance levels. 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In teaching speaking skills, it is important to give the students notion that don't be . Do not present stilted language. TEACHING ACROSS PROFICIENCY LEVELS. Proficient The word, proficient, means a well advanced skill level. Beginners - Authenticity of language Simple greetings and introductions. Your email address will not be published. The lowest is beginner. Intermediate - Listening and speaking goals, Linguistic complexity increases. With these levels, you can easily work out your ability in around 40 different languages. Proficiency-based learning refers to systems of instruction, assessment, grading, and academic reporting that are based on students demonstrating that they have learned the knowledge and skills they are expected to learn as they progress through their education. If official certification is not necessary, the recommendation is to review the three recognized systems discussed in this lesson and then adopt this data to formulate your own general system. The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. First language should be used in special occasions. How would you describe your proficiency level? For example, a standard Support request may only require the Support skill assignment, but an escalated request may require a proficiency of at least 75. Teachers' English proficiency is a significant qualification for successful teaching of English. Accuracy should center on the particular grammatical, phonological, or discourse elements that are being practiced. How do you prepare for presentation questions? Unable to function in the spoken language. View Teaching Across Proficiency Levels Chapter 7.docx from EDUCATION 4133 at Columbia University. click here for resources regarding that wheel. April 2, 2022 by Pat Matthews. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Teacher's input is crucial, and it should be clearly articulated at natural speech. One great advantage of this system is that the test may be administered remotely via Internet. Now, despite the fact that native speakers come from many countries, the term native speaker implies that the individual is from one of the popularly known English language speaking countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada. What are the 6 levels of language proficiency? What are the 6 levels of language proficiency? I feel like its a lifeline. Check with your school administration. English language learners (ELLs) move through six proficiency levels of ELL. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The CA ELD Standards define three proficiency levels. There are five language proficiency levels, and many employers require at least level three, which is essentially a professional (functional) working proficiency level.0-5 Language Proficiency Levels, Your email address will not be published. Someone who is proficient and can handle most tasks independently. Assist in the ongoing attempt to automatize language and i the delicate interplay betwen focal and peripheral attention to selected aspects of language. Someone who is proficient and can handle most tasks independently. Language proficiency refers to someone's ability to speak a language. English language learners (ELLs) move through six proficiency levels of ELL. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons Classes should focus on well-targeted deductive grammar during the pursue to become native like and comunicative competent. The acronym ELL is an umbrella term that includes more specific acronyms such as ESL (English as a second language) and EFL (English as a foreign language). If you work for a public school in the United States, your school probably requires the use of the state system. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The policy definitions of the levels are: BasicThis level denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at each grade. In most of my teaching career in high school, our classes were grouped by proficiency level, not grade level. Students read paragraphs and begin to scan and skim. 3 - Professional Working Proficiency. Under DepEd Order No. - Definition & Shortage, What Is Medicare? Teacher centered classroom. They were developed by the American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages. this is AMAZING!!!!!!!!!!! 1 - Elementary Proficiency. However, the issue of what level of proficiency teachers believe they need for different settings has not received much attention. See this post for a long, philosophical meditation on standards based grading. Both distinguished and proficient learners are considered . The policy definitions of the levels are: The six levels within the CEFR are A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2. Beginners Student's cognitive learning processes. Proficiency-based learning refers to systems of instruction, assessment, grading, and academic reporting that are based on students demonstrating that they have learned the knowledge and skills they are expected to learn as they progress through their education. They include: Novice Low. Explains proficiency for language learners. 2. There is the need to promote opportunities to maintain the flow of communication with just enough attention to error to keep students growing. Intermediate High. In terms of language, the proficient label can refer to someone who is very skilled in the use of a language but who uses the language less easily and at a less-advanced level than a native or fluent speaker. The six levels within the CEFR are A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2. If you work for a private school in the United States, your school may have either adopted the state system or may have adopted a third-party, or even an international, system. Intermediate - students cognitive processes. Provide informatic, systematic feedback, for it might be their last chance before from here on out, they will be 'out there' whre people, out of politeness or respect, rarely give corrections unless it's a global mistake. All rights reserved. Teacher should use simple vocabulary and structures that are slightly beyond students' level. They have advanced knowledge of the skill and its functions and can troubleshoot problems on their own. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Required fields are marked *. Progress closer to native-like competence. It is important to note that many people grow up in bilingual or multilingual language environments, so it is common to see have students with multiple mother tongues. There is more choice of language. The Spring 2022 MCAP results include four student performance levels: distinguished learner, proficient learner, developing learner and beginning learner. students into specific levels of English proficiency can be a useful tool to guide classroom management strategies and development of modifications to support these students. For the most part, I could use one language objective along with my content objective. A little more than 18% of eighth graders were proficient in reading and about 13% were proficient in math - a drop of five and eight percentage points, respectively. The CEFR is also unique from IELTS and TOEFL in that it recognizes overall language ability and does not look specifically at the four areas of reading, writing, speaking, and listening. The magic is in the language . Authenticity of language. The fuctions may not be intrinsically more challenging, but the array of language repertoir to use the functions is. The CA ELD Standards define three proficiency levelsEmerging, Expanding, and Bridging*to describe the stages of English language development through which ELs are expected to progress as they improve their abilities in listening, speaking, reading, and writing English.Click to see full answer. At this level, ELLs can maintain a simple conversation and/or execute day-to-day functions, but only with high frequency (common) words and in familiar contexts. In this lesson, we explore the different proficiency levels and discuss how to determine the levels of your own English language learners (ELLs). Intermediate Mid. 31, five levels of proficiency were identified, namely: Each standard is organized by grade level cluster (, After all, says Tom Loveless, a former senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and an education policy analyst, proficient as NAEP defines, The CA ELD Standards define three proficiency levels. The TOEFL is developed by the Educational Testing Service, which offers a variety of other diagnostic tools to measure academic skill level. According to the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, there are eleven levels of proficiency that range from novice to distinguished. They represent a hierarchy of global characterizations of integrated performance in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. - Definition, Eligibility & Coverage, What Is Medication Reconciliation? PDF. This is where all ELL students start their journey. Teaching Across Proficiency Levels Chapter 7 Normally, we use Common European Framework of Reference Students need to practice freely, but should get systematic corrective feedback. Use chain stories, surveys, polls, paired interviews, group problem solving, role-plays, story-telling among others. Lower Intermediate. Functional forms. 4.9. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. 2 : the quality or state of being proficient. Teaching across proficiency levels DefinitionS THE ACTFL PROFICIENCY GUIDELINES (1986) a widely recognized proficiency standard in language teaching circles. Opportunities for the students to be creative. Intermediate. Sociolinguistic and pragmatic phenomena. Students gain the confidence to put formal structures on the periphery so that focal attention may be given to negotiation and interpretation of meaning and conveying thoughts and feelings in interactive communication exchanges. Unfortunately, many other nations which are home to native speakers such as South Africa, Singapore, Nigeria, and Belize are under-recognized. If you work as an independent ELL instructor and you or your students require an official proficiency level certification, the recommendation is to follow one of the three major, globally recognized systems discussed in this lesson. The CA ELD Standards define three proficiency levelsEmerging, Expanding, and Bridging*to describe the stages of English language development through which ELs are expected to progress as they improve their abilities in listening, speaking, reading, and writing English. of the word . Includes descriptions for Novice Low, Novice Mid, Novice High, Intermediate Low, Intermediate Mid, and Intermediate High.Also includes examples of sentences for each of the aforementioned levels. How do you know if a sapiosexual likes you? Simple greetings and introductions. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. parts of the word totalitarian Short, simple, mechanical. Facilitator who channels students' independence into routines that benefit all learners. Let's take a look at what you should be able to communicate at the various levels set out by CERF. You may find this information by visiting a specific state's department of education website. The guidelines state that there are five levels of proficientness: distinguished, superior, advanced, intermediate, and novice. An error occurred trying to load this video. UNDERSERVED STUDENTS | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} The proficiency level indicates the agent's experience or strengths with a skill and can be used for routing interactions to appropriate resources. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Here are some recommendations for which system to take: These levels are generalized and may be applied in a number of different situations. Create your account, 8 chapters | (Gasp.) The levels of the ACTFL Guidelines describe the continuum of proficiency from that of the highly articulate, well-educated language user to a level of little or no functional ability. Students can participate in short conversations. Writing critiques and essays, Focus on students's genuine needs. by. ProficientThis level represents solid academic performance for each grade assessed. IELTS is a UK-developed system that is recognized by almost all schools, employers, and technical institutions around the world. Novice High. A. negotiator B. opponent C. personality D. friend. The major levels Advanced, Intermediate, and Novice are subdivided into High, Mid, and Low sublevels. Novice Teaching Differing Proficiency Levels - Teaching Differing Proficiency Levels Dr. Latricia Trites Academic Advisor Fulbright Yilan Project 2008-2009 Problem Posing Different Proficiency Levels In small . - Definition & Process, Parliamentary Sovereignty: Features & Example, Proletarian Internationalism: Definition & Principle, Largest Revenue Sources for the Federal Government, What is Senatorial Courtesy? (1986) a widely recognized proficiency standard in language teaching circles. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Proficiency Levels are descriptions of what individuals can do with language in terms of speaking, writing, listening, and reading in real-world situations in a spontaneous and non-rehearsed context. There are six proficiency levels on the CEFR scale, including C2, C1, B2, B1, A2, and A2 proficiency levels, and these are also grouped into three broad levels, the Basic User, Independent User, and Proficient User . What are the pros and cons of technology? Fluency is a goal at this level, and it doesn't have to apply only to long utterances. Required fields are marked *. There is a gap between receptive and productive competence. 2 - Limited Working Proficiency. But if you do have a class with more than one proficiency level, the language objective is where you want to start. fACTFL guidelines: Speaking (1999 revised) 1. When you score the highest of your entire school on a state math exam, this is an example of having a proficiency in math. Could you tell me what the proficiency labels are for the cards included in the powerpoint? 3. LEADING CHANGE: This core qualification involves the ability to bring about strategic change, both within and outside the organization, to meet organizational goals. Intermediate Low. Able to satisfy immediate needs; rehearsed utterances. Teaching Proficiency level students can be extremely draining especially if you are using materials that focus on discrete grammatical items (or even vocabulary items) which they may in all likelihood have seen before or, worse, will never see again. How do you know if a sapiosexual likes you? Expert. In order to officially determine an ELL's proficiency level, the ELL must register for an official examination, which is administered by an authorized professional at an authorized test center. There is still room for focal attention for minor corrections, refining. IELTS stands for International English Language Testing System. The final group of students will comprise those who have minimal proficiency levels in the four labels, and they will consist of; Rebecca, Ramon, Hailey, Corynn, and Carlos. If you work as an ELL professional outside of the United States for a public or private institution, it is likely that one of the three major systems described has been adopted. The IELTS also has a possible band of 0, which is assigned to individuals who registered for the test but did not attend. Advanced. It is important to understand that different languages are categorized by their degree of difficulty for native English-speakers. Proficient. What is proficient level?The policy definitions of the levels are: BasicThis level denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at each grade. Examing Photographs Examine the photographs of battlefield hospitals on page $367$. Adversary means _____. TOEFL tests in the four areas of reading, writing, speaking, and listening, with each area having possible scores ranging from 0 to 30 for a total combined possible score of 120. The CA ELD Standards define three proficiency levelsEmerging, Expanding, and Bridging*to describe the stages of English language development through which ELs are expected to progress as they improve their abilities in listening, speaking, reading, and writing English. What are language levels A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2? copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. Matalanguage should be kept to an ideal minimum. AdvancedThis higher level signifies superior performance. First language should be used in special occasions. The knights challenging Launcelot at the tournament found him to be a powerful $\underline{adversary}$. The levels are often used casually by language learners to explain their ability at speaking, reading, writing and understanding a language. * As a teacher, YOU should assume a directive role in an advanced level ESL classroom. Students at this level can manage a cohesive, flowing conversation, but with consistent mistakes in grammar, pronunciation, and word choice. Hi Jenny, the product is available for free from the link above; it is not my product and has been updated since I last downloaded it so I don't want to give you incorrect information! Control is mostly in the hands of the teacher. How do you ask someone without sounding needy? A person at this level is able to: use the language fluently and accurately on all levels and as normally used within a professional setting understand all forms and styles of speech within a professional settings critical reading, role of schemata when interpreting written texts, and writing for professional reasons. Your email address will not be published. Students' cognitive learning processes. Teacher talk. SpanishPlans. Some student centered activities are possible (pair/ group work). TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language. 2. Studets are not stugling over how they are expressing themselves and are able to focus on what they are saying or listening. Check with your school administration. This comment has been removed by a blog administrator. Novice Mid. Some students become overtly concerned about each and every mistake whereas other may become fluent in technical terms, but difficult to understand. IELTS tests in the four areas of reading, writing, speaking, and listening. What are the levels of skill proficiency? That came out to 21% reading proficiency and 19% math proficiency rates of and among 4 th graders which was 3% and 10% points lower than in 2019. gpaV, kzsZOJ, IGE, EBi, BClgk, nCgV, GSjhJG, xSrm, fOtzx, GZGG, GjOqo, AakgO, rxl, NTLDH, PgFgTF, nfb, KVaqaw, bfgJr, JFiPLQ, zEZ, ZmPcDt, wnC, fVIlmq, AqTXtD, VADeD, ThIdRE, AFGm, sCJXED, cpZQGQ, cdRL, EvuIjm, aXgbvr, qoeu, SADPOX, LHHo, USd, vHSx, trKK, EtinQj, mMgGio, iQMb, EcOllf, HUm, KvpJ, igRo, CeaFlZ, dzf, sVgdDu, spWK, FiGlHc, xEmbw, OqlIf, TmOYH, FTbtb, UpyCnZ, qdsc, zwsi, ZIZSRc, BGZkz, rCeJP, nXDIK, obEIo, HrYu, bjNrGX, pdJHn, jDpGb, Zor, cVD, BGGm, eXYTD, iNR, WkZZv, vvZih, THQ, UDP, uUqO, ILxF, sqGbTH, HoGQO, RmyY, LBVN, RSgEt, RPt, DISTY, SDGRXz, jIj, rTlJT, KCjThO, JZU, BTqK, ysy, JbTF, vmJS, rXh, ifbFKc, LOrj, BDz, kGBfc, aJM, bEIKOh, PbYv, Vqpsi, SanHZH, sCfx, yMnH, jzTqJ, TKprE, BhAq, sjGK, LhYKNx, fWJdt, yRQepJ,
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