Can anyone please explain why is this happening? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Reinterpreting a pointer will cause aliasing warnings. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Can some explain me how such casting works? Is it safe to simply cast between ints and floats? To produce the resultant floatvalue you need to reinterpretthat memory. Why doesn't this reinterpret_cast compile? Replacing a 32-bit loop counter with 64-bit introduces crazy performance deviations with _mm_popcnt_u64 on Intel CPUs. Is the EU Border Guard Agency able to tell Russian passports issued in Ukraine or Georgia from the legitimate ones? To produce the resultant float value you need to reinterpret that memory. There are several ways to do this conversion in C++, among them: The only real difference being the last one (an implicit conversion) will generate a compiler diagnostic on higher warning levels. For primitive types of same size, there are reasons to do such things and the behaviour is well defined. rev2022.12.9.43105. We start by generating a PyTorch Tensor that's 3x3x3 using the PyTorch random function. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. First, assigning int to uint should be avoided. The reinterpret_cast operator (C++ only) The const_cast operator (C++ only) The dynamic_cast operator (C++ only) . I would also warn that there ARE floating point formats that are not IEEE-754 or IEEE-854 compatible (these two standards have the same format for float numbers, I'm not entirely sure what the detail difference is, to be honest). * I could quantize the float as integer, e.g. 1. expression does not compile to any CPU instructions (except when Inline assembly inside C++ for data conversion. (*) Strictly speaking not true. Raw memory access like this is not type-safe and can only be done under a full trust security environment. The reinterpret_cast is used with pointers and references, e.g., casting an int * to a double *. No 'inherent' problems imo, but there is indeed a problem when it's misused. However, that would produce 50% more memory traffic. For details, see Class templates (C++ only).. Unrelated_class*, which are inherently Can Reinterpret_cast return null? ReInterpret Cast ( reinterpret_cast) is a cast operator that converts a pointer of some data type into a pointer of another data type, even if the the data types before and after conversion are different. Does the collective noun "parliament of owls" originate in "parliament of fowls"? How to prevent keyboard from dismissing on pressing submit key in flutter? So, if you have a computer that uses a different floating point format, it would fall over. This approach doesn't perform any conversion. Connecting three parallel LED strips to the same power supply. (TA) Is it appropriate to ignore emails from a student asking obvious questions? int pointer to float pointer - reinterpret_cast. library char library unsigned char . It is primarily used for reinterpreting bit patterns and manipulating data using pointer arithmetic with different types involved. Appropriate translation of "puer territus pedes nudos aspicit"? A value of a floating-point type can also be converted to any complete enumeration type. Not the answer you're looking for? No, using an union this way is implementation-specific and therefore not the least error-prone way (see. This is also the cast responsible for implicit type coersion and can also be called explicitly. I understand that reinterpret_cast is dangerous, I'm just doing this to test it. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. . where pointer representation depends on its type). 1980s short story - disease of self absorption, Examples of frauds discovered because someone tried to mimic a random sequence. What is the problem with (int)? Like float f = 3;, here compiler will not complain but directly transform 3 which is of type integer into float & assign to f.; Explicit conversions: where the developer uses a casting operator to direct the conversion.All types of manual casting fall under the explicit type conversions category. What's the benefit of .Cast over .Select? reinterpret_cast const-ness, const_cast . Should teachers encourage good students to help weaker ones? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. For this reason I am trying to convert a float to unsigned int. Barring unsafe code - this is the fastest method I know of to perform a reinterpret: The BitConverter class can retrieve the bytes for any primitive type, which you can then use to create an int. Back in '08 I'd made assumptions that the JIT would behave similar to a C++ compiler w.r.t. When should static_cast, dynamic_cast, const_cast, and reinterpret_cast be used? Software engineer. The static_cast operator takes an expression as input, and returns the evaluated value converted to the type specified inside the angled brackets. Jargons You Need to Face. Note though, that while reinterpret_cast can convert the reference/pointer types, the actual attempt to read the data through the resultant reference/pointer produces undefined behavior. ? As the comments below say, the usage of reinterpret_cast ist not safe for unrelated types. Hexadecimal integer literals. And in any case this, of course, can't make much sense on a platform with int and double of different size (since in case of larger double you will read beyond the memory occupied by x). I'm not sure if there is any way to check that, aside from perhaps having a canned set of bytes stored away somewhere, along with the expected values in float, then convert the values and see if it comes up "right". So don't use it this way. And If yes, then why doesn't C# have a non-static conversion operator or user-defined assignment operator so that the conversion/assignment takes place on 'this'? Would it be possible, given current technology, ten years, and an infinite amount of money, to construct a 7,000 foot (2200 meter) aircraft carrier? How do I reinterpret an unsigned long (DWORD) as a signed long in C++? foo(float*, unsigned int*): mov dword ptr [rsi], 1 mov dword ptr [rdi], 2 mov eax, dword ptr [rsi] ret "cv1 void"prvalue"cv2 T"prvalueTcv2cv1cv1 bottom overflowed by 42 pixels in a SingleChildScrollView. EDIT unsigned int output = unsigned int (floatValue / MAX_VALUE * 4294967295.0 ); but . To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Has anybody an idea to reinterpret the bits of a float as unsigned long without assignment or memcpy (some sort of tricky cast). reinterpret_cast allows anything, that's usually a dangerous thing and normally reinterpret_cast is rarely used, tipically to convert reinterpret_cast < > ( ) static_cast const_cast reinterpret_cast CPU reinterpret_cast 1) (C++11 ) cannot safely be used for anything You cannot cast away a const or volatile qualification. Use Flutter 'file', what is the correct path to read txt file in the lib directory? . You might also be interested by the physical representation of IEEE-754, look that up. Is it cheating if the proctor gives a student the answer key by mistake and the student doesn't report it? Did neanderthals need vitamin C from the diet? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. not necessarily. The result of reinterpret_cast<Type>(expression) belongs to one of the following value categories:. Are defenders behind an arrow slit attackable? Sed based on 2 words, then replace whole line with variable, Allow non-GPL plugins in a GPL main program. Think "debugger". The reinterpret_cast operator produces a value of a new type that has the same bit pattern as its argument. Why is apparent power not measured in Watts? Why should I use a pointer rather than the object itself? . Perhaps a better way of thinking of reinterpret_cast is the rouge operator that can "convert" pointers to apples as pointers to submarines. 2. The implicit and explicit operators in C# uses one intermediate object because the operator function is static. c++ casting reinterpret-cast Share Follow I haven't ever tried this in C++, so I am only guessing. And what is represented by _f? int is 32 bits. Could it not like that the two types have a different bit length? any data has a representation in memory. Nobody can explain (*), because it does not work. Note: I mistakenly asked about static_cast originally; this is why the top answer mentions static_cast at first. Another option is Buffer.BlockCopy if you have large amounts of converting to do.. float ff = 2.0f; int ii = BitConverter.ToInt32(BitConverter.GetBytes(ff), 0); float[] ff = new float[. How do I check if a string represents a number (float or int)? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Matt Davis 44293 score:-1 Use a union. Let's look at two functions. C# implicit operator MyType(int value) automatically "supports" cast from float. Is there a verb meaning depthify (getting more depth)? The pedantic answer is that this is Undefined Behavior. int and float types tend to be the same size in bytes (depending on your system of course). What you seem to be doing is building the object representation of float value in a piece of memory declared as Uint32 variable. Flutter. ]; int[] ii = new int[ff.Length]; Buffer.BlockCopy(ff, 0, ii, 0, ff.Length * 4); // byte-wise copy . The reinterpret_cast operator produces a value of a new type that has the same bit pattern as its argument. How is the merkle root verified if the mempools may be different? You access an object through a pointer that is incompatible with the type of the pointed object, and therefore the behaviour of the program is undefined. Maybe it's doing an implicit conversion from int to float before it attempts the cast to double. float f = 2.0f; int i = (int)f; // causes conversion I only want to copy the bit-pattern from f to i. reinterpret_cast<const char*> Int . reinterpret_cast is the last choice cast option because it will perform the cast, even if the compiler thinks it's a mistake to perform the cast. Books that explain fundamental chess concepts. Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content, reinterpret_cast Invalid Cast, reinterpret_cast invalid but static_cast is fine. How is the merkle root verified if the mempools may be different? Are there breakers which can be triggered by an external signal and have to be reset by hand? Above this, consider an immutable reference-type (class). Conditional operator assignment with Nullable types? What is the difference between const int*, const int * const, and int const *? That's interesting. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Why does C# throw casting errors when attempting math operations on integer types other than int? Why does this explicit cast not work when there is an implicit conversion defined? So a pointer to one object can be turned into a "submarine". A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Why do American universities have so many gen-eds? 2. There is no need to: binary files have no restrictions on what you can read/write: #include <fstream> #include <string> using namespace std::literals; int main(){ std::ofstream("terca.bin", std::ios::binary) << "\0\x1a\xff"s << 5.14; } Where you're likely to be using reinterpret_cast is when you're writing the object representation - the actual bytes of RAM used to represent an object in . Would it be possible, given current technology, ten years, and an infinite amount of money, to construct a 7,000 foot (2200 meter) aircraft carrier? If you see the "cross", you're on the right track. What are the differences between a pointer variable and a reference variable? Viewed 332 times 2 Following is the code: int a = 1; int* ptr = &a; float* p1 = (float*)ptr // or reinterpret_cast<float*> (ptr); cout << *p1 << endl; When I try to print the value pointed by float pointer p1, I get the answer as: 1.4013e-45. For complex types, the behaviour would be undefined. kandi ratings - Low support, No Bugs, No Vulnerabilities. When would I give a checkpoint to my D&D party that they can return to if they die? Why is Singapore considered to be a dictatorial regime and a multi-party democracy at the same time? The reinterpret_cast operator produces a value of a new type that has the same bit pattern as its argument. What is static_cast int in C++? static_cast only allows conversions like int to float or base class pointer to derived class pointer. At what point in the prequels is it revealed that Palpatine is Darth Sidious? Reinterpreting a pointer will cause aliasing warnings. Here's a templated implementation of AnT's memcpy solution, which avoids -Wstrict-aliasingwarnings. This approach, while unsafe, works as a generic solution. To get a float 1, you can static_cast int to float, or simply let the conversion be implicit: Integer values used in float or double representations are denormal and are converted according to the IEEE 754 standard. The reinterpret_cast operator can be I.e. How can this be done? Is it just speed or some other sublime bug that is present in some compilers/cpu's? Use a union. And then follows a list of rules covering what reinterpret casts are allowed. reinterpret_cast is best used for pointers. The dereferenced value _f contains the same bytes as the float f, but interpreted as uint32. original type. const_cast,dynamic_cast,reinterpret_cast,static_castconst_castdynamic_castreinterpret_caststatic_cast C++CNewTypeExpressionC++. Should I give a brutally honest feedback on course evaluations? But they all do functionally the same thing -- and in many case actually the same thing, as in the same machine code. Boolean literals. cast tells the compiler to use the given representation as a different type. Do I get it right? Is there a non-static conversion operator or user-defined assignment operator for conversion on 'this'? #include <iostream> int main() { int x { 10 }; int y { 4 }; // static cast x to a double so we get floating point division . Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. static_cast is best used to convert one fundamental type into another. Does balls to the wall mean full speed ahead or full speed ahead and nosedive? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Can virent/viret mean "green" in an adjectival sense? The reinterpret_cast operator should not be used to convert between pointers to different classes that are in the same class hierarchy; use a static or dynamic cast for that purpose. x = torch.rand (3, 3, 3) We can check the type of this variable by using the type functionality. How is the merkle root verified if the mempools may be different? You are treating a float as an int and if you look at their representation on your hardware and if you inspect the output of your compiler you can work out why you get the value you get, though undefined behaviour is undefined and its not worth entering details unless you are willing to write nonportable code. If you see the "cross", you're on the right track. Sed based on 2 words, then replace whole line with variable, MOSFET is getting very hot at high frequency PWM. You are casting an integer to a float, and it will be interpreted by the compiler as an integer at the time. This is used for the normal/ordinary type conversion. Did the apostolic or early church fathers acknowledge Papal infallibility? Extensions for decimal floating-point support. You can explicitly perform the following conversions: A pointer to any integral type large enough to hold it A value of integral or enumeration type to a pointer I was wondering what the main reason is why reinterpret_cast fails to work as expected when using optimizations. How to reinterpret cast a float to an int? If Type is an lvalue reference type or an rvalue reference to a function type . reinterpret_cast < new-type > ( expression ) Returns a value of type new-type . Flutter AnimationController / Tween Reuse In Multiple AnimatedBuilder. It's simple, efficient and elegant, Here is an example of casting float to int in Java: Why use static_cast(x) instead of (int)x? What is the use of const_cast in C++? Is there any way of using Text with spritewidget in Flutter? I thought reinterpret_cast was the rogue cast that you could use to convert apples to submarines, why won't this simple cast compile? Why do I need an intermediate conversion to go from struct to decimal, but not struct to int? P.J. You cannot cast away a const or volatile qualification. Under the hood, floats have a very different bit representation than ints, and that's why you're getting weird numbers. This has to be performed on pointers or references: The other thing is that it is in fact a quite dangerous cast, not only due to strange values coming out as results, or the assert above not failing, but because if the types are of different sizes, and you reinterpret from 'source' to 'destination' types, any operation on the reinterpreted reference/pointer will access sizeof(destination) bytes. Did neanderthals need vitamin C from the diet? Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content. How do I tell if this single climbing rope is still safe for use? The reinterpret_cast operator cannot be used to cast away const; use const_cast for that purpose. Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. You cannot cast away a const or volatile qualification. On paper, literally anything can happen, and you have no control over that. Counterexamples to differentiation under integral sign, revisited. The result of a reinterpret_cast I want to read them in a machine-independent manner. Conversion constructs a new value of type float and assigns it the value from x. Other uses are, at Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. in most cases the 2 casts do the same thing but static_cast is far more restrictive than reinterpret_cast. Can anyone please explain why is this happening? When I do this sort of thing in low-level code, frequently it's to display the bits without ANY sort of conversion applied (except to printable hex). See above. The reinterpret_cast operator produces a value of a new type that has the same bit pattern as its argument. If the sizes mismatch, reinterpreting pointers leads to even bigger problems, but your link is very good. 1: BitConverter (as sixlettervariables) is an option; as is unsafe code (which doesn't need an intermediate buffer): 2: note that you should limit the size of structs. In a more general case, you could statically assert the size of float. #include <stdio.h> Easiest way to convert int to string in C++. It is the least error-prone way to memory map between an integer and a floating point type. reinterpret_cast is a very special and dangerous type of casting operator. except when such conversions would cast away constness or volatility. For x86/x64 systemns, float is usually represented as 4 bytes, like uint32_t, and they have mostely the same alignment. What you seem to be doing is building the object representation of floatvalue in a piece of memory declared as Uint32variable. other than being cast back to its Are you sure the compiler complains about. Appropriate translation of "puer territus pedes nudos aspicit"? 5.2.10 Reinterpret cast, p2: reinterpret_cast constness (5. . The use of the bitwise shift right >> operator, seems to require an unsigned integer type. Does reinterpret_cast of an int64_t value really break strict aliasing? First, assigning int to uint should be avoided. If sizeof(destination)>sizeof(source) then that will step beyond the actual variable memory, potentially killing your application or overwritting other variables other than the source or destination: The reinterpret approach led me down a strange path with inconsistent results. Does it work if you cast to float? Another option is Buffer.BlockCopy if you have large amounts of converting to do. reinterpret_cast #include <cassert> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <ostream> using namespace std; int main () { float pi = 1.1; int ipi; cout << setfill ( '0') << showbase << hex << internal; assert (sizeof ( int) == sizeof ( float )); ipi = reinterpret_cast< int &> (pi); cout << "pi bits=" << setw (10) << ipi << '\n' ; } Here is my code: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Perhaps it would be conceptually simpler to just offer a completely new function (maybe torch.reinterpret_cast) that ignores the size of the input completely. The union solution presented above works. Did the apostolic or early church fathers acknowledge Papal infallibility? Appealing a verdict due to the lawyers being incompetent and or failing to follow instructions? By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. It is the least error-prone way to memory map between an integer and a floating point type. And there is nothing listed that describes converting between integral and floating point types (or between integral types, even this is illegal reinterpret_cast(int(3));). Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content. We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. static_cast in C++ The static_cast is used for the normal/ordinary type conversion. Example: num = [12.1, 14.2, 15.8, 17.4] print([int(num) for num . I think this guy means reinterpret and that's what he wants. const_cast const,. reinterpret_cast in C#. By assigning y to the value returned by the cast you're not really casting the value x, you're converting it. Some kind of more meaningful int to double conversion? If it does, whats the way to do it? This is consistent with the intent expressed in the very name of the cast: it is intended to be used for pointer/reference reinterpretation. Other uses are, at best, nonportable. compile-time directive which instructs the compiler to treat Yes, I know, there are some workarounds: * in my special case it would be possible to split the integer into two 32bit floats. How to smoothen the round border of a created buffer to make it look more natural? Some conversions that cannot be done by static_cast can be done by reinterpret_cast, such as conversion between two concrete type pointers, conversion between int and pointer (some compilers only allow int to convert pointer, the reverse is not allowed). You could achieve the same effect this way, although it is certainly dangerous: This is potentially dangerous because if x and y are diffrent sizes (let's say int is four bytes and double is eight bytes) then when you dereference the eight bytes of memory at &x to fill in y you will access four bytes of x and four bytes of whatever comes next in memory (possibly the start of y, or garbage, or something else entirely.). How to use a VPN to access a Russian website that is banned in the EU? No there is no other option given in C#, however, I think that while you're correct in the sense that there will be a copy made, any sufficiently simple implementation will have JIT optimizations done, possibly removing the need for a copy. float to int using (int) is a bad idea. The user could just reshape the output as needed. So don't use it this way. Casting type A to a completely unrelated type B is not among them and your code exhibits undefined behaviour. How to test that there is no overflows with integration tests? #include <iostream> int main () { long D1 = 0xbcfbc4f0d9b65179; long D2 = 0xbcfbc4f0d9b65042; std::cout.setf (std::ios::showbase | std::ios::showpos); Would salt mines, lakes or flats be reasonably found in high, snowy elevations? Why is "using namespace std;" considered bad practice? int lSigned2 = static_cast<int>(lUnsigned); // Does lSigned . If the conversion is from a floating-point type to an integer type, the value is truncated (the decimal part is removed). Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? Should I give a brutally honest feedback on course evaluations? The question seems somewhat confused to me. dynamic_cast RTTI , .,. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Beginners reinterpret_cast reinterpret_cast Jul 26, 2014 at 5:58am squarehead (24) My goal here is to display the binary representation of a float in the console. The reinterpret_cast is used with pointers and references, e.g., casting an int *to a double *. If the alignment is not the same or the values are stored in registers, are optimized an so on, the cast can lead to undefined values. I assumed x86/x64 systems (I edited my answer therefore). You should use it in cases like converting float to int, char to int, etc. A small bolt/nut came off my mtn bike while washing it, can someone help me identify it? 1. Floating-point literals. "float is represented as 4 bytes in memory." How to show AlertDialog over WebviewScaffold in Flutter? float and int have not a common representation and the cast is invalid. You can explicitly perform the following conversions: A pointer to any integral type large enough to hold it A value of integral or enumeration type to a pointer When I try to print the value pointed by float pointer p1, I get the answer as: 1.4013e-45. You can use several functions from Math (Math.Floor, Math.Ceiling, Math.Round) that will allow you to specify how to convert your floating point value to an integer. Here is the simple example code which fail to give the correct result when optimizing. The output is just a 1-D tensor and all dtype pairs are supported. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. How to correctly multiply a float with an int and get a result only influenced by significant digits? Then the behaviour is well defined. Now if you really do want to pretend that x is a float, then you really do want to cast x, by doing this: You can see how dangerous this is. E.g. The conversions from/to boolconsider falseequivalent to zero(for numeric types) and to null pointer(for pointer types); trueis equivalent to all other values and is converted to the equivalent of 1. It seems casting a float to a pointer is prohibited by gcc. What is this fallacy: Perfection is impossible, therefore imperfection should be overlooked, Penrose diagram of hypothetical astrophysical white hole, Effect of coal and natural gas burning on particulate matter pollution. In some contexts, there's nothing wrong with it at all. reinterpret_cast static_cast static_cast reinterpret_cast In the future please post two separate questions. Development hobbyist. In this post, we'll see how to convert a float to an int in C. We'll assume both int and float datatypes to be 32-bits long an int using two's complement representation for negative values. Is it safe to reinterpret_cast an integer to float. It's not clear that making the operator an instance operator would remove the need for the copy anyway. It does not check if the pointer type and data pointed by the pointer is same or not. Does the collective noun "parliament of owls" originate in "parliament of fowls"? Memory reinterpretation? Let's look at the assembly: In the first case, there's an assembly instruction that performs the conversion: In the second case, reinterpret_cast just directly transforms the underlying representation of the bits. Can you check? Rounding to use for int -> float -> int round trip conversion, Easiest way to convert int to string in C++. Closet genius. Your code below is strict aliasing violation and therefore has an undefined behavior. Why does my stock Samsung Galaxy phone/tablet lack some features compared to other Samsung Galaxy models? In fact, the output when I run this on my machine is 1, which is decidedly not 42+1. Programming Interface Information. With the right angle bracket feature, you may specify a template_id as Typr in the reinterpret_cast operator with the >> token in place of two consecutive > tokens. How can this be done? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. 4.reinterpret_cast.,(C++) . Why can templates only be implemented in the header file? How does the Chameleon's Arcane/Divine focus interact with magic item crafting? Python has different data types for a different set of values, Integers deals with numbers, and float deals with both decimal and numeric characters, Boolean deals with Binary values (True or False), and there are strings that could take alphanumeric values, and python allows different data structures like List, Tuple, Dictionary & Sets for working with different problems. This is also the cast responsible for implicit type coercion and can also be called explicitly. How to convert a float to an int in modern C++, Casting an array of unsigned chars to an array of floats. This is consistent with the intent expressed in the very name of the cast: it is intended to be used for pointer/reference reinterpretation. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. The reinterpret_cast operator can be used for conversions such as char* to int*, or One_class* to Unrelated_class*, which are inherently unsafe. java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.Float cannot be cast to java.lang.String. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? It's not actually doing anything, and the function just copyies the input register to the output register. 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